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  2. Lieberkühn reflector - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lieberkühn_reflector

    Like a pair of compasses, it had two legs, the distance between which could be adjusted in fine steps. On one leg was the objective lens, and the specimen was mounted on the other. Focusing was performed by changing the distance between the legs. [13] Such a compass microscope was also designed and used by Johann Nathanael Lieberkühn.

  3. Lloyd's mirror - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lloyd's_mirror

    Lloyd's mirror is an optics experiment that was first described in 1834 by Humphrey Lloyd in the Transactions of the Royal Irish Academy. [1] Its original goal was to provide further evidence for the wave nature of light , beyond those provided by Thomas Young and Augustin-Jean Fresnel .

  4. Curved mirror - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curved_mirror

    A concave mirror, or converging mirror, has a reflecting surface that is recessed inward (away from the incident light). Concave mirrors reflect light inward to one focal point. They are used to focus light. Unlike convex mirrors, concave mirrors show different image types depending on the distance between the object and the mirror.

  5. Kirkpatrick–Baez mirror - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirkpatrick–Baez_mirror

    It is named after Paul Kirkpatrick and Albert Baez, the inventors of the X-ray microscope. [1] Although X-rays can be focused by compound refractive lenses, these also reduce the intensity of the beam and are therefore undesirable. KB mirrors, on the other hand, can focus beams to small spot sizes with minimal loss of intensity.

  6. Catadioptric system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catadioptric_system

    A catadioptric optical system is one where refraction and reflection are combined in an optical system, usually via lenses and curved mirrors . Catadioptric combinations are used in focusing systems such as searchlights, headlamps, early lighthouse focusing systems, optical telescopes, microscopes, and telephoto lenses.

  7. Microscopy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microscopy

    Antonie van Leeuwenhoek (1632–1723). The field of microscopy (optical microscopy) dates back to at least the 17th-century.Earlier microscopes, single lens magnifying glasses with limited magnification, date at least as far back as the wide spread use of lenses in eyeglasses in the 13th century [2] but more advanced compound microscopes first appeared in Europe around 1620 [3] [4] The ...

  8. Chirped mirror - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chirped_mirror

    The dielectric mirror is made of transparent materials that are uniformly layered at a depth of 1/4 the wavelength of light the dielectric mirror is designed to reflect. In addition, the amplitude reflection coefficients for the interfaces have alternating signs, hence all reflected components from the interfaces interfere constructively, which ...

  9. X-ray optics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-ray_optics

    X-ray optics is the branch of optics dealing with X-rays, rather than visible light.It deals with focusing and other ways of manipulating the X-ray beams for research techniques such as X-ray diffraction, X-ray crystallography, X-ray fluorescence, small-angle X-ray scattering, X-ray microscopy, X-ray phase-contrast imaging, and X-ray astronomy.

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