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  2. Lieberkühn reflector - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lieberkühn_reflector

    A Lieberkühn mirror from Emil Busch AG (now Rathenower Optische Werke) circa 1930, digital collection of the Deutsches Museum. [1]A Lieberkühn reflector [2] (also known as Lieberkühn mirror [3] or simply Lieberkühn [2] [4]) is an illumination device for incident light illumination (epi-illumination) in light microscopes.

  3. Catadioptric system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catadioptric_system

    A catadioptric optical system is one where refraction and reflection are combined in an optical system, usually via lenses and curved mirrors . Catadioptric combinations are used in focusing systems such as searchlights, headlamps, early lighthouse focusing systems, optical telescopes, microscopes, and telephoto lenses.

  4. Curved mirror - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curved_mirror

    A concave mirror, or converging mirror, has a reflecting surface that is recessed inward (away from the incident light). Concave mirrors reflect light inward to one focal point. They are used to focus light. Unlike convex mirrors, concave mirrors show different image types depending on the distance between the object and the mirror.

  5. Kirkpatrick–Baez mirror - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirkpatrick–Baez_mirror

    It is named after Paul Kirkpatrick and Albert Baez, the inventors of the X-ray microscope. [1] Although X-rays can be focused by compound refractive lenses, these also reduce the intensity of the beam and are therefore undesirable. KB mirrors, on the other hand, can focus beams to small spot sizes with minimal loss of intensity.

  6. Reflecting telescope - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reflecting_telescope

    A convex secondary mirror is placed just to the side of the light entering the telescope, and positioned afocally so as to send parallel light on to the tertiary. The concave tertiary mirror is positioned exactly twice as far to the side of the entering beam as was the convex secondary, and its own radius of curvature distant from the secondary.

  7. Optical telescope - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_telescope

    The telescope is more a discovery of optical craftsmen than an invention of a scientist. [1] [2] The lens and the properties of refracting and reflecting light had been known since antiquity, and theory on how they worked was developed by ancient Greek philosophers, preserved and expanded on in the medieval Islamic world, and had reached a significantly advanced state by the time of the ...

  8. X-ray optics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-ray_optics

    X-ray optics is the branch of optics dealing with X-rays, rather than visible light.It deals with focusing and other ways of manipulating the X-ray beams for research techniques such as X-ray diffraction, X-ray crystallography, X-ray fluorescence, small-angle X-ray scattering, X-ray microscopy, X-ray phase-contrast imaging, and X-ray astronomy.

  9. Liquid-mirror telescope - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquid-mirror_telescope

    The mercury mirror of the Large Zenith Telescope in Canada was the largest liquid-metal mirror ever built. It had a diameter of 6 meters and rotated at a rate of about 8.5 revolutions per minute. It was decommissioned in 2016. [4] This mirror was a test, built for $1 million, but it was not suitable for astronomy because of the test site's weather.