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The Hurwitz quaternions form an order (in the sense of ring theory) in the division ring of quaternions with rational components. It is in fact a maximal order ; this accounts for its importance. The Lipschitz quaternions, which are the more obvious candidate for the idea of an integral quaternion , also form an order.
The Hurwitz quaternion order is a specific order in a quaternion algebra over a suitable number field. The order is of particular importance in Riemann surface theory, in connection with surfaces with maximal symmetry , namely the Hurwitz surfaces . [ 1 ]
Thus, the quaternion components ,,, are either all integers or all half-integers, depending on whether is even or odd, respectively. The set of Hurwitz quaternions forms a ring; that is to say, the sum or product of any two Hurwitz quaternions is likewise a Hurwitz quaternion.
The (2,3,7) triangle group admits a presentation in terms of the group of quaternions of norm 1 in a suitable order in a quaternion algebra. More specifically, the triangle group is the quotient of the group of quaternions by its center ±1. Let η = 2cos(2π/7). Then from the identity
Hurwitz and Frobenius proved theorems that put limits on hypercomplexity: Hurwitz's theorem says finite-dimensional real composition algebras are the reals , the complexes , the quaternions , and the octonions , and the Frobenius theorem says the only real associative division algebras are , , and .
Related algebras are also discussed, including the sedenions (a 16-dimensional real algebra formed in the same way by taking one more step past the octonions) and the split real unital composition algebras (also called Hurwitz algebras). [2] A particular focus here is on interpreting the multiplication operation of these algebras in a geometric ...
Adolf Hurwitz (German: [ˈaːdɔlf ˈhʊʁvɪts]; 26 March 1859 – 18 November 1919) was a German mathematician who worked on algebra, analysis, geometry and number theory. Early life [ edit ]
The ring of Hurwitz quaternions, also known as integral quaternions. A quaternion a = a 0 + a 1 i + a 2 j + a 3 k is integral if either all the coefficients a i are integers or all of them are half-integers. All free associative algebras. [1]