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Müllerian duct anomalies are those structural anomalies caused by errors in Müllerian duct development as an embryo forms. Factors contributing to them include genetics and maternal exposure to substances that interfere with fetal development. [1] [2] Genetic causes of Müllerian duct anomalies are complicated and uncommon.
Müllerian agenesis, also known as Müllerian aplasia, vaginal agenesis, or Mayer–Rokitansky–Küster–Hauser syndrome (MRKH syndrome), is a congenital malformation characterized by a failure of the Müllerian ducts to develop, resulting in a missing uterus and variable degrees of vaginal hypoplasia of its upper portion.
Usually, the Wolffian duct gives rise to male reproductive organs (specifically the testicle, epididymis and vas deferens) while the Müllerian to female (the fallopian tubes, the uterus and the vagina), while the other duct regresses. In PMDS, an abnormality in the anti-Müllerian hormone signaling pathway causes the in-males-redundant ...
Anomalies that develop within the paramesonephric duct system continue to puzzle and fascinate obstetricians and gynecologists. The paramesonephric ducts play a critical role in the female reproductive tract and differentiate to form the uterine tubes, uterus, superior vagina as well as the uterine cervix.
The two Müllerian ducts have fused, but the partition between them is still present, splitting the system into two parts. With a complete septum the vagina, cervix and the uterus can be partitioned. Usually the septum affects only the cranial part of the uterus. A uterine septum is the most common uterine malformation and a cause for ...
Many of these defects are classified under the broader term Müllerian duct anomalies. [2] [4] Müllerian duct anomalies are caused by a disturbance during the embryonic time of genitourinary development. [5] The other isolated incidents of vaginal anomalies can occur with no apparent cause.
The absence of the steroid hormones commonly associated with males drives Müllerian duct development and promotes the development of female genitalia, if anti-Müllerian hormone is suppressed or the body is insensitive, persistent Müllerian duct syndrome occurs when the individual has partial female reproductive, and partial male reproductive ...
Four types of uterine malformations. The uterus is formed during embryogenesis by the fusion of the two paramesonephric ducts (also called Müllerian ducts). This process usually fuses the two Müllerian ducts into a single uterine body but fails to take place in these affected women who maintain their double Müllerian systems.