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The female reproductive system is composed of two embryological segments: the urogenital sinus and the paramesonephric ducts. The two are conjoined at the sinus tubercle. [2] [3] Paramesonephric ducts are present on the embryo of both sexes. [3] [4] Only in females do they develop into reproductive organs.
Sinus tubercle (also known as sinual tubercle [1] or Müllerian eminence) is the proliferation of endoderm induced by the paramesonephric ducts. It is located in the developing fetus between the orifices of the mesonephric ducts on the urogenital sinus . [ 1 ]
The ducts pass backward lateral to the mesonephric ducts, but toward the posterior end of the embryo they cross to the medial side of these ducts, and thus come to lie side by side between and behind the latter—the four ducts forming what is termed the common genital cord [citation needed], to distinguish it from the genital cords of the ...
Müllerian duct anomalies are those structural anomalies caused by errors in Müllerian duct development as an embryo forms. Factors contributing to them include genetics and maternal exposure to substances that interfere with fetal development. [1] [2] Genetic causes of Müllerian duct anomalies are complicated and uncommon.
* ug. Sinus urogenitalis. * W. Left Wolffian body. * w, w. Right and left Wolffian ducts. Shortly after the formation of the Wolffian ducts, a second pair of ducts is developed; these are the Müllerian ducts. Each arises on the lateral aspect of the corresponding Wolffian duct as a tubular invagination of the cells lining the abdominal cavity.
* m, m. Right and left Müllerian ducts uniting together and running with the Wolffian ducts in gc, the genital cord. * ot. The genital ridge from which either the ovary or testis is formed (upper right). * ug. Sinus urogenitalis. * W. Left Wolffian body. * w, w. Right and left Wolffian ducts.
A urogenital sinus anomaly is also a rare birth defect in women where the urethra and vagina both open into a common channel. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] A persistent cloaca is a disorder where the rectum , vagina , and urinary tract meet and fuse, creating a cloaca , a single common channel.
Paramesonephric ducts (Müllerian ducts) Fallopian tube: Appendix testis: Uterus, cervix, vagina [1] Prostatic utricle: Mesonephric ducts (Wolffian ducts) Epoophoron: Epididymis: Gartner's duct: Vas deferens: Seminal vesicle: Mesonephric tubules: Paroophoron: Paradidymis: Urogenital sinus: Skene's glands [2] Prostate: Bladder, urethra: Bladder ...