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  2. List of cognitive biases - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_cognitive_biases

    In psychology and cognitive science, a memory bias is a cognitive bias that either enhances or impairs the recall of a memory (either the chances that the memory will be recalled at all, or the amount of time it takes for it to be recalled, or both), or that alters the content of a reported memory. There are many types of memory bias, including:

  3. Truth-default theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Truth-default_theory

    Truth-default theory (TDT) is a communication theory which predicts and explains the use of veracity and deception detection in humans. It was developed upon the discovery of the veracity effect - whereby the proportion of truths versus lies presented in a judgement study on deception will drive accuracy rates.

  4. Cognitive bias - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitive_bias

    The Cognitive Bias Codex. A cognitive bias is a systematic pattern of deviation from norm or rationality in judgment. [1] Individuals create their own "subjective reality" from their perception of the input. An individual's construction of reality, not the objective input, may dictate their behavior in the world.

  5. Illusory truth effect - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illusory_truth_effect

    The illusory truth effect (also known as the illusion of truth effect, validity effect, truth effect, or the reiteration effect) is the tendency to believe false information to be correct after repeated exposure. [1] This phenomenon was first identified in a 1977 study at Villanova University and Temple University.

  6. Half-truth - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Half-truth

    A half-truth is a deceptive statement that includes some element of truth. The statement might be partly true, the statement may be totally true, but only part of the whole truth, or it may use some deceptive element, such as improper punctuation, or double meaning, especially if the intent is to deceive, evade, blame or misrepresent the truth. [1]

  7. Why Most Published Research Findings Are False - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Why_Most_Published...

    The PDF of the essay paper "Why Most Published Research Findings Are False" is a 2005 essay written by John Ioannidis, a professor at the Stanford School of Medicine, and published in PLOS Medicine. [1] It is considered foundational to the field of metascience.

  8. Counterfactual thinking - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Counterfactual_thinking

    The past cannot be changed, but similar situations may occur in the future, and thus we take our counterfactual thoughts as a learning experience. [1] For example, if a person has a poor job interview and thinks about how it may have been more successful if they had responded in a more confident manner, they are more likely to respond more ...

  9. False consensus effect - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/False_consensus_effect

    The bias may also result, at least in part, from non-social stimulus-reward associations. [4] Maintenance of this cognitive bias may be related to the tendency to make decisions with relatively little information. [5] When faced with uncertainty and a limited sample from which to make decisions, people often "project" themselves onto the situation.