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If a Bartholin gland abscess comes back several times, the gland and duct can be surgically removed. [12] Bartholin's cysts can be treated in the same way for pregnant women as non-pregnant women. The only treatment that should be used with caution in pregnant women is Bartholin gland excision (surgical removal of the gland).
Treatment continues after the surgical removal by scheduled followups with the medical provider who looks for changes in the cyst. [8] Bartholin gland cysts often need to be drained. Sometimes, antibiotics are prescribed to treat them as well. [11] Treatment for these usually includes aspiration, marsupialisation and deroofing.
It is possible for the Bartholin's glands to become blocked and inflamed resulting in pain. [14] This is known as bartholinitis or a Bartholin's cyst. [9] [16] [17] A Bartholin's cyst in turn can become infected and form an abscess. Adenocarcinoma of the gland is rare and benign tumors and hyperplasia are even more rare. [18]
A Bartholin's cyst is an abscess of a Bartholin's gland. Bartholin's glands are located within the labia, or the skin folds surrounding the vaginal opening. [17] Bartholin's cysts can be painful and may require drainage or surgical removal in order to resolve. [17]
Repeated aspirations of an abscess are preferable in those with multiple abscesses or when the abscess is located in a predominate brain site. Administration of antimicrobials in a high-dose for an extended period of time can offer an alternative treatment strategy in this type of patients and may substitute for surgical evacuation of an abscess.
Illustration of Bartholin glands vaginal abscesses. The adenoid cystic carcinoma of the Bartholin gland is another uncommon malignancy with symptoms that include local painful intermittent recurrences. The disease is slow to progress but it can result in lung cancer after a long time after the initial treatment.
Treatment is with antibiotics and drainage of the abscess; typically guided by ultrasound or CT, through the skin, via the rectum, or transvaginal routes. [3] Occasionally antibiotics may be used without surgery; if the abscess is at a very stage and small. [2] Until sensitivities are received, a broad spectrum antibiotic is generally required. [2]
Marsupialization is the surgical technique of cutting a slit into an abscess or cyst and suturing the edges of the slit to form a continuous surface from the exterior surface to the interior surface of the cyst or abscess. Sutured in this fashion, the site remains open and can drain freely.