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Jataka stories are found carved as narrative bas-reliefs on ancient Javanese candis, such as the Mendut, Borobudur and Sajiwan temples; telling animal fables about the virtues of Buddha, who performed exceptional acts of kindness in his animal incarnations before being reborn as a Boddhisattva and the future Buddha.
Sitor Situmorang (2 October 1924 – 21 December 2014) was an Indonesian poet, essayist and writer of short stories. Situmorang was born in Harianboho, North Sumatra , and educated in Jakarta . He worked as a journalist and literary critic in Medan , Yogyakarta and Jakarta for a variety of newspapers and periodicals.
Toba Caldera is one of twenty geoparks in Indonesia, [2] and was recognised in July 2020 as one of the UNESCO Global Geoparks. [3] [4] [5] Lake Toba is the site of a supervolcanic eruption estimated at VEI 8 that occurred 69,000 to 77,000 years ago, [6] [7] [8] representing a climate-changing event.
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A legend is a genre of folklore that consists of a narrative featuring human actions, believed or perceived to have taken place in human history. Narratives in this genre may demonstrate human values , and possess certain qualities that give the tale verisimilitude .
Batak Toba believe souls become an ancestral spirit and the children of the deceased perform funerary rites. If a person died childless a si gale-gale is created as a substitute. Complicated sigale gale could be life sized and featured actuation using wet moss or sponges that could be squeezed to make the dolls appear to cry.
The same name also appears with the first character transcribed as 托 or 㩉 [10] and with the second character transcribed as 拔; [citation needed] it has also been anglicized as T'o-pa [5] and as Toba. [2] [3] The name is also attested as Tufa (禿髮, Tūfà or Tūfǎ), [11] whose Middle Chinese pronunciation has been reconstructed as ...
According to the legend, once upon a time in Svargaloka, a pair of deities, a god and a goddess committed a terrible sin.As punishment, Batari Sunan Ambu (the highest mother goddess also the queen of heaven in Sundanese mythology) banished them from Svargaloka and incarnated them on earth as animals—the god became a dog named Tumang, while the goddess became a boar named Celeng Wayungyang.