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The wetted perimeter is the perimeter of the cross sectional area that is "wet". [1] The length of line of the intersection of channel wetted surface with a cross sectional plane normal to the flow direction.
P is the wetted perimeter of the cross-section. More intuitively, the hydraulic diameter can be understood as a function of the hydraulic radius R H, which is defined as the cross-sectional area of the channel divided by the wetted perimeter. Here, the wetted perimeter includes all surfaces acted upon by shear stress from the fluid. [3]
This means the greater the hydraulic radius, the larger volume of water the channel can carry. Based on the 'constant shear stress at the boundary' assumption, [6] hydraulic radius is defined as the ratio of the channel's cross-sectional area of the flow to its wetted perimeter (the portion of the cross-section's perimeter that is "wet"):
This is the cross-sectional area of the channel divided by the wetted perimeter. For a semi-circular channel, it is a quarter of the diameter (in case of full pipe flow). For a rectangular channel, the hydraulic radius is the cross-sectional area divided by the wetted perimeter.
is the hydraulic radius, which is the cross-sectional area of flow divided by the wetted perimeter (for a wide channel this is approximately equal to the water depth) [m]; is Manning's coefficient [time/length 1/3]; and; is a constant; k = 1 when using SI units and k = 1.49 when using BG units.
Closed channel flows are generally governed by the principles of channel flow as the liquid flowing possesses free surface inside the conduit. [1] However, the convergence of the boundary to the top imparts some special characteristics to the flow like closed channel flows have a finite depth at which maximum discharge occurs. [ 2 ]
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Where pf is the free perimeter of the channel (i.e., the interface not in contact with the channel wall), and pw is the wetted perimeter [citation needed] (i.e., the walls in contact with the fluid), and θ is the contact angle of the fluid on the material of the device. [1] [5]