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The rocket is launched using liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen cryogenic propellants. Rocket propellant is used as reaction mass ejected from a rocket engine to produce thrust. The energy required can either come from the propellants themselves, as with a chemical rocket, or from an external source, as with ion engines.
BTTN as a propellant is often used in a mixture with nitroglycerin. [3] The mixture can be made by co-nitration of butanetriol and glycerol. [5] BTTN is also used as a plasticizer in some nitrocellulose-based propellants. [6] BTTN is manufactured by nitration of 1,2,4-butanetriol. [7] Biotechnological manufacture of butanetriol is under ...
Polybutadiene acrylonitrile (PBAN) [1] copolymer, also noted as polybutadiene—acrylic acid—acrylonitrile terpolymer [2] is a copolymer compound used most frequently as a rocket propellant fuel mixed with ammonium perchlorate oxidizer. [3] It was the binder formulation widely used on the 1960s–1970s big boosters (e.g., Titan III and Space ...
The V-2 used an alcohol/LOX liquid-propellant engine, with hydrogen peroxide to drive the fuel pumps. [7]: 9 The alcohol was mixed with water for engine cooling. Both Germany and the United States developed reusable liquid-propellant rocket engines that used a storeable liquid oxidizer with much greater density than LOX and a liquid fuel that ...
Monomethylhydrazine (MMH) is a highly toxic, volatile hydrazine derivative with the chemical formula CH 6 N 2. It is used as a rocket propellant in bipropellant rocket engines because it is hypergolic with various oxidizers such as nitrogen tetroxide (N 2 O 4) and nitric acid (HNO 3). As a propellant, it is described in specification MIL-PRF ...
A monopropellant rocket (or "monochemical rocket") is a rocket that uses a single chemical as its propellant. [1] Monopropellant rockets are commonly used as small attitude and trajectory control rockets in satellites, rocket upper stages, crewed spacecraft, and spaceplanes. [2]
With the establishment of NASA and increased activity in liquid-fueled rockets, missiles, and space vehicles, the Navy established the companion Liquid Propellant Information Agency (LPIA) at APL in 1958. On December 1, 1962, the SPIA and LPIA combined operations to form the Chemical Propulsion Information Agency.
The propellant used in a rocket engine plays an important role in both engine design and in design of the launch vehicle and related ground equipment to service the vehicle. Weight, energy density, cost, toxicity, risk of explosions, and other problems make it important for engineers to design rockets with appropriate propellants. The major ...