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  2. Root mean square - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Root_mean_square

    Waveforms made by summing known simple waveforms have an RMS value that is the root of the sum of squares of the component RMS values, if the component waveforms are orthogonal (that is, if the average of the product of one simple waveform with another is zero for all pairs other than a waveform times itself). [5]

  3. Ripple (electrical) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ripple_(electrical)

    Various properties of ripple voltage may be important depending on application: the equation of the ripple for Fourier analysis to determine the constituent harmonics; the peak (usually peak-to-peak) value of the voltage; the root mean square (RMS) value of the voltage which is a component of power transmitted; the ripple factor γ, the ratio ...

  4. True RMS converter - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/True_RMS_converter

    True RMS provides a more correct value that is proportional to the square root of the average of the square of the curve, and not to the average of the absolute value. For any given waveform , the ratio of these two averages is constant and, as most measurements are made on what are (nominally) sine waves, the correction factor assumes this ...

  5. Crest factor - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crest_factor

    The peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) is the peak amplitude squared (giving the peak power) divided by the RMS value squared (giving the average power). [1] It is the square of the crest factor. When expressed in decibels , crest factor and PAPR are equivalent, due to the way decibels are calculated for power ratios vs amplitude ratios .

  6. dBFS - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DBFS

    The unit dBov is defined in the ITU-T G.100.1 telephony standard such that the RMS value of a full-scale square wave is designated 0 dBov. [21] [22] All possible dBov measurements are negative numbers, and a sine wave cannot exist at a larger RMS value than −3 dBov without clipping. [21] This unit can be applied to both analog and digital ...

  7. Total harmonic distortion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Total_harmonic_distortion

    where V n is the RMS value of the nth harmonic voltage, and V 1 is the RMS value of the fundamental component. In practice, the THD F is commonly used in audio distortion specifications (percentage THD); however, THD is a non-standardized specification, and the results between manufacturers are not easily comparable. Since individual harmonic ...

  8. Form factor (electronics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Form_factor_(electronics)

    In electronics and electrical engineering, the form factor of an alternating current waveform (signal) is the ratio of the RMS (root mean square) value to the average value (mathematical mean of absolute values of all points on the waveform). [1] It identifies the ratio of the direct current of equal power relative to the given alternating ...

  9. Average rectified value - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Average_rectified_value

    On the other hand the RMS describes which direct current delivers the same amount of power within the same time period. The average of a symmetric alternating value is zero and it is therefore not useful to characterize it. Thus the easiest way to determine a quantitative measurement size is to use the average rectified value.