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Cannabis (/ˈkænəbɪs/) is commonly known as marijuana or hemp and has two known strains: Cannabis sativa and Cannabis indica, both of which produce chemicals to deter herbivory. The chemical composition includes specialized terpenes and cannabinoids , mainly tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), and cannabidiol (CBD).
Terpenes (/ ˈ t ɜːr p iː n /) are a class of natural products consisting of compounds with the formula (C 5 H 8) n for n ≥ 2. Terpenes are major biosynthetic building blocks. Terpenes are major biosynthetic building blocks.
Cannabis strains is a popular name to refer to plant varieties of the monospecific genus Cannabis sativa L..They are either pure or hybrid varieties of the plant, which encompasses various sub-species C. sativa, C. indica, and C. ruderalis.
All known strains of Cannabis are wind-pollinated [16] and the fruit is an achene. [17] Most strains of Cannabis are short day plants, [16] with the possible exception of C. sativa subsp. sativa var. spontanea (= C. ruderalis), which is commonly described as "auto-flowering" and may be day-neutral.
Terpenoids are compounds related to terpenes, which may include some oxygen functionality or some rearrangement, however the two terms are often used interchangeably. Subcategories This category has the following 14 subcategories, out of 14 total.
The terpenoids, also known as isoprenoids, are a class of naturally occurring organic chemicals derived from the 5-carbon compound isoprene and its derivatives called terpenes, diterpenes, etc. While sometimes used interchangeably with "terpenes", terpenoids contain additional functional groups , usually containing oxygen. [ 1 ]
Both hops and cannabis contain terpenes and terpenoids; tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is a terpenoid. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] Hops lack the enzyme that could convert cannabigerolic acid into THC or CBD, [ 5 ] but it could be inserted using genetic engineering as was done in 2019 for yeast.
Of the several terpenes extracted from Humulus lupulus (hops), the largest monoterpenes fraction is β-myrcene. One study of the chemical composition of the fragrance of Cannabis sativa found β-myrcene to compose between 29.4% and 65.8% of the steam-distilled essential oil for the set of fiber and drug strains tested. [8]