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In size theory, the size function (,): + = {(,): <} associated with the size pair (,:) is defined in the following way. For every (,) +, (,) (,) is equal to the number of connected components of the set {: ()} that contain at least one point at which the measuring function (a continuous function from a topological space to [1] [2]) takes a value smaller than or equal to . [3]
If () is a general scalar-valued function of a normal vector, its probability density function, cumulative distribution function, and inverse cumulative distribution function can be computed with the numerical method of ray-tracing (Matlab code). [17]
The moment generating function of a real random variable is the expected value of , as a function of the real parameter . For a normal distribution with density f {\textstyle f} , mean μ {\textstyle \mu } and variance σ 2 {\textstyle \sigma ^{2}} , the moment generating function exists and is equal to
For k > 1, the density function tends to zero as x approaches zero from above, increases until its mode and decreases after it. The density function has infinite negative slope at x = 0 if 0 < k < 1, infinite positive slope at x = 0 if 1 < k < 2 and null slope at x = 0 if k > 2. For k = 1 the density has a finite negative slope at x = 0.
The point spread function (PSF) describes the response of a focused optical imaging system to a point source or point object. A more general term for the PSF is the system's impulse response; the PSF is the impulse response or impulse response function (IRF) of a focused optical imaging system. The PSF in many contexts can be thought of as the ...
A radial function is a function : [,).When paired with a norm on a vector space ‖ ‖: [,), a function of the form = (‖ ‖) is said to be a radial kernel centered at .A radial function and the associated radial kernels are said to be radial basis functions if, for any finite set of nodes {} =, all of the following conditions are true:
The Gaussian functions are thus those functions whose logarithm is a concave quadratic function. The parameter c is related to the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the peak according to FWHM = 2 2 ln 2 c ≈ 2.35482 c . {\displaystyle {\text{FWHM}}=2{\sqrt {2\ln 2}}\,c\approx 2.35482\,c.}
This formula is valid for all s with real part greater than −1, (except s = 1, where there is a pole) and combined with the Fourier expansion for {x} can be used to extend the zeta function to the entire complex plane and to prove its functional equation. [28] For s = σ + it in the critical strip 0 < σ < 1,