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The mutation might then have been "reintroduced by recurrent gene flow from Ashkenazi populations to other Jewish, European, and North African populations. The present-day frequency of the mutation in control populations (0.05% in Europeans, 0.5% in North-African Arabs and 1% in Ashkenazi Jews) may support this scenario".) [43] [44]
Ashkenazi Jews have been screened as Tay–Sachs carriers since carrier testing began in 1971. Since the 1970s, many Jewish communities have embraced genetic screening, and in 1971, Israel became the first country to offer free genetic screening [1] and counseling for Tay–Sachs disease and other diseases, leading to international discussion about the proper scope of genetic testing.
In 2014, 19.8% of adult Israelis smoked, 26.3% in the Arab population and 18.4% in the Jewish population. 35% of non-smoking respondents to the World Health Survey reported that they had been exposed to passive smoking. Smoking is responsible for about 8,000 deaths in Israel every year, of which about 700 among passive smokers.
For Ashkenazi Jews, approximately 40% of their mtDNA is linked to four female founders of Near Eastern origin, [107] although later research suggests that up to 81% of their maternal ancestry might stem from European women. [108] Some studies propose ancient Near Eastern origins, [106] while others European contributions. [108]
The Program for Jewish Genetic Health offers educational programs – both live and online – to various sectors of the community to educate them on Jewish genetic health issues, including the Ashkenazi Jewish link to breast and ovarian cancer, Parkinson's disease, and prostate cancer, as well as alternative family planning options such as pre-implantation genetic diagnosis.
The disease is more commonly found amongst Ashkenazi Jews. The occurrence of torsion dystonia in the Ashkenazi Jewish population as stated by the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health of Yale University School of Medicine in New Haven, Connecticut; "Reports dating to the beginning of this century describe Ashkenazi Jewish (AJ) families ...
During the years 1921–1938, there was a campaign among Jews in Eastern Europe (that is, among Ashkenazi Jews) in the course of which some 27,000 East European children were irradiated – in part to allow their families to emigrate, since ringworm was grounds for exclusion of immigrants to the United States and elsewhere. [11]
Dor Yeshorim (Hebrew: דור ישרים) also called Committee for Prevention of Jewish Genetic Diseases, is a nonprofit organization that offers genetic screening to members of the Jewish community worldwide. Its objective is to minimize, and eventually eliminate, the incidence of genetic disorders common to Jewish people, such as Tay–Sachs ...