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The musician stops the resonating strings, when so desired, with the fingers of the free hand. In modern times the veena has been generally replaced with the sitar in North Indian performances. [1] [3] The South Indian Saraswati veena, used in Carnatic classical music, is a lute. It is a long-necked, pear-shaped lute, but instead of the lower ...
Over the veena's evolution and modifications, more particular names were used to help distinguish the instruments that followed. The word veena in India was a term originally used to generally denote "stringed instrument", and included many variations that would be either plucked, bowed or struck for sound. [1] [2]
The ancient veena is an early Indian arched harp, not to be confused with the modern Indian veena which is a type of lute or stick zither. Names of specific forms of the arched harp include the chitra vīṇā with seven strings, the vipanchi vīṇā with nine strings and the mattakokila vīṇā a harp or possibly board zither with 21 strings.
The Rudra veena (Sanskrit: रुद्र वीणा) (also spelled Rudraveena [1] or Rudra vīnā [2])—also called Bīn in North India [3] —is a large plucked string instrument used in Hindustani Music, especially dhrupad. [2] It is one of the major types of veena played in Indian classical music, notable for its deep bass resonance. [4]
Music also finds mention in a number of texts from the Gupta period; Kalidasa mentions several kinds of veena (Parivadini, Vipanchi), as well as percussion instruments , the flute (Vamshi) and conch (Shankha). Music also finds mention in Buddhist and Jain texts from the earliest periods of the common era [citation needed].
It is also known as chitravina (Sanskrit: चित्रवीणा), chitra veena, chitraveena, chitra vina, hanumad vina and mahanataka vina. Today it is played mainly in South India, though its origins can be traced back to Bharata's Natya Shastra (200 BCE-200 CE), where it is mentioned as a seven string fretless instrument.
Dakshinamurti is portrayed as a powerful form brimming with ever-flowing bliss and supreme joy while being in the yogic state of abstract meditation. Variations of this iconic representation include Veenadhara Dakshinamurti (holding a Veena) and Rishabharudha Dakshinamurti (mounted on a Rishabha - the bull).
(Salutations to Saraswati) Who is pure white like the jasmine, with the coolness of the moon, the brightness of the snow, and a sheen like the garland of pearls; Who is covered with pure white garments, whose hands are adorned with the veena (a stringed musical instrument) and the boon-giving staff; And who is seated on a pure white lotus, who ...