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Capitis deminutio or capitis diminutio (diminished capacity) is a term used in Roman law, referring to the extinguishing, either in whole or in part, of a person's former status and legal capacity. There were three changes of state or condition attended with different consequences: maxima , media , and minima .
Adherents to the theory spell the term "Capitis Diminutio", and claim that capitis diminutio maxima (meaning, in Roman law, the loss of liberty, citizenship, and family) was represented by an individual's name being written in capital letters, hence the idea of individuals having a separate legal personality. [12]
This change of status, known as capitis diminutio minima, [6] conferred on the wife the title of materfamilias. [6] The wife in a cum manu marriage held no proprietary capacity, meaning she could not own any property.
"Ertränkung in Faß oder Sack" (Drowning in Barrel or Sack), a 1560 sketch showing capital punishment. Poena cullei (Latin, 'penalty of the sack') [1] under Roman law was a type of death penalty imposed on a subject who had been found guilty of parricide.
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Civil death (Latin: civiliter mortuus) [1] is the loss of all or almost all civil rights by a person due to a conviction for a felony or due to an act by the government of a country that results in the loss of civil rights.
Decimation. Etching by William Hogarth in Beaver's Roman Military Punishments (1725). In the military of ancient Rome, decimation (from Latin decimatio 'removal of a tenth' [1]) was a form of military discipline in which every tenth man in a group was executed by members of his cohort.
Insolvency in South African law refers to a status of diminished legal capacity (capitis diminutio) imposed by the courts on persons who are unable to pay their debts, or (which amounts to the same thing) whose liabilities exceed their assets. The insolvent's diminished legal capacity entails deprivation of certain of his important legal ...