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  2. Syntax (programming languages) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syntax_(programming_languages)

    The phrase grammar of most programming languages can be specified using a Type-2 grammar, i.e., they are context-free grammars, [8] though the overall syntax is context-sensitive (due to variable declarations and nested scopes), hence Type-1. However, there are exceptions, and for some languages the phrase grammar is Type-0 (Turing-complete).

  3. Head-driven phrase structure grammar - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Head-driven_phrase...

    Head-driven phrase structure grammar (HPSG) is a highly lexicalized, constraint-based grammar [1] [2] developed by Carl Pollard and Ivan Sag. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] It is a type of phrase structure grammar , as opposed to a dependency grammar , and it is the immediate successor to generalized phrase structure grammar .

  4. Glossary of language education terms - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_language...

    Grammar that is described in terms of grammar rules of what is considered the best usage, often by grammarians; prescriptive grammar may not agree with what people actually say or write. Proficiency level Describes how well a student can use the language (often categorized as beginner, intermediate or advanced). Proficiency tests

  5. Phrase structure rules - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phrase_structure_rules

    A grammar that uses phrase structure rules is a type of phrase structure grammar. Phrase structure rules as they are commonly employed operate according to the constituency relation, and a grammar that employs phrase structure rules is therefore a constituency grammar ; as such, it stands in contrast to dependency grammars , which are based on ...

  6. Formal grammar - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formal_grammar

    A formal grammar describes which strings from an alphabet of a formal language are valid according to the language's syntax. A grammar does not describe the meaning of the strings or what can be done with them in whatever context—only their form. A formal grammar is defined as a set of production rules for such strings in a formal language.

  7. List of computing and IT abbreviations - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_computing_and_IT...

    CAI—Computer-aided instruction; CAM—Computer-aided manufacturing; CAP—Consistency availability partition tolerance (theorem) CAPTCHA—Completely automated public Turing test to tell computers and humans apart; CAT—Computer-aided translation; CAQ—Computer-aided quality assurance; CASE—Computer-aided software engineering; cc—C compiler