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Notably, apomorphine is used in veterinary clinics as an emetic due to severe off-target effects that lead to vomiting. [29] In another study, mice were administered a single 40 mg/kg dose of apomorphine. Slight DNA damage was observed in brain tissue three hours after treatment. [30]
[5] [18] It binds to plasma proteins at a rate of 99.5%; it has a low volume of distribution (9 L/kg) and is thus not extensively absorbed. [5] [10] Subcutaneously administered maropitant had peak plasma concentration around half an hour after administration; the mean half-life is 6–8 hours, and a single dose lasts 24 hours in dogs. [10]
Apomorphine has a high clearance rate (3–5 L/kg/hr) and is mainly metabolized and excreted by the liver. [24] It is likely that while the cytochrome P450 system plays a minor role, most of apomorphine's metabolism happens via auto-oxidation, O-glucuronidation, O-methylation, N-demethylation, and sulfation.
amitriptyline – tricyclic antidepressant used to treat separation anxiety, excessive grooming dogs and cats; amlodipine – calcium channel blocker used to decrease blood pressure; amoxicillin – antibacterial; apomorphine – emetic (used to induce vomiting) artificial tears – lubricant eye drops used as a tear supplement
The median lethal dose of a substance is defined as the dose that leads to death in 50% of the tested population. It is a significant parameter in toxicology study and indicates the acute toxicity of a particular substance. LD50 is usually expressed in the weight of the chemical administered in milligram per unit of body weight (mg/kg). [29]
Elon Musk's Department of Government Efficiency is pushing for access to an Internal Revenue Service system that retains the personal tax information of millions of Americans for the ostensible ...
Normally, cytokine production in and around the wounded area increases to fight infection and control healing (and, possibly, to control pain), but pre-incisional morphine administration (0.1 mg/kg to 10.0 mg/kg) reduced the number of cytokines found around the wound in a dose-dependent manner. The authors suggest that morphine administration ...
In a 1981 paper, Costall and co-workers reported that DMDA, in doses of 0.5–8 mg/kg given i.p. to mice, produced a dose-dependent reduction in spontaneous motor activity (occurring within a 20 minute period after drug administration). They also observed piloerection at 2 mg/kg