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Old Occitan (Modern Occitan: occitan ancian, Catalan: occità antic), also called Old Provençal, was the earliest form of the Occitano-Romance languages, as attested in writings dating from the 8th to the 14th centuries. [1] [2] Old Occitan generally includes Early and Old Occitan.
Another example would be the use of the verb "to be". Aragonese and Occitan use one verb for what Catalan and the Ibero-Romance languages use two: Occitan: èsser (depending on the dialect they can use other forms such as èstre, estar and èster) Èster vielha. (to be old, in Aranese Occitan) Aragonese: estar Estar viella (to be old)
Occitan (English: / ˈ ɒ k s ɪ t ən,-t æ n,-t ɑː n /; [12] [13] Occitan pronunciation: [utsiˈta, uksiˈta]), [a] also known as lenga d'òc (Occitan: [ˈleŋɡɒ ˈðɔ(k)] ⓘ; French: langue d'oc) by its native speakers, sometimes also referred to as Provençal, is a Romance language spoken in Southern France, Monaco, Italy's Occitan Valleys, as well as Spain's Val d'Aran in Catalonia ...
The pastorela (Old Occitan: [pastuˈɾɛla], "little/young shepherdess") was an Occitan lyric genre used by the troubadours. It gave rise to the Old French pastourelle. The central topic was always the meeting of a knight with a shepherdess, which could lead to any of a number of possible conclusions. They were usually humorous pieces.
Its version of Job is the earliest vernacular translation in Western Europe. The earliest preserved copy—a deluxe illuminated manuscript—was produced in Acre in the Kingdom of Jerusalem between 1250 and 1254 for King Louis IX of France. Two other full copies are known (one illuminated), plus a complete translation into Old Occitan. Portions ...
Occitan literature's Golden Age was in the 12th century, when a rich and complex body of lyrical poetry was produced by troubadours writing in Old Occitan, which still survives to this day. Although Catalan is considered by some a variety of Occitan, this article will not deal with Catalan literature , which started diverging from its Southern ...
The Song of the Albigensian Crusade [1] is an Old Occitan epic poem narrating events of the Albigensian Crusade from March 1208 to June 1219. Modelled on the Old French chanson de geste , it was composed in two distinct parts: William of Tudela wrote the first towards 1213, and an anonymous continuator finished the account.
The sirventes or serventes (Old Occitan: [siɾvenˈtes]), sometimes translated as "service song", was a genre of Old Occitan lyric poetry practiced by the troubadours. The name comes from sirvent ('serviceman'), from whose perspective the song is allegedly written. Sirventes usually (possibly, always) took the form of parodies, borrowing the ...