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Tafel plot for an anodic process . The Tafel equation is an equation in electrochemical kinetics relating the rate of an electrochemical reaction to the overpotential. [1] The Tafel equation was first deduced experimentally and was later shown to have a theoretical justification. The equation is named after Swiss chemist Julius Tafel.
In electrochemistry, exchange current density is a parameter used in the Tafel equation, Butler–Volmer equation and other electrochemical kinetics expressions. The Tafel equation describes the dependence of current for an electrolytic process to overpotential.
The overpotential increases with growing current density (or rate), as described by the Tafel equation. An electrochemical reaction is a combination of two half-cells and multiple elementary steps. Each step is associated with multiple forms of overpotential. The overall overpotential is the summation of many individual losses.
Julius Tafel was born in the village of Choindez in Courrendlin, Switzerland on 2 June 1862. Tafel's father, Julius Tafel Sr. (1827-1893) studied chemistry in Tubingen and became a director of Von Roll’s iron and steel works located in Choindez in 1856, and then took a top management position in steel works located in Gerlafingen in 1863.
At high overpotentials, the Butler–Volmer equation simplifies to the Tafel equation. The Tafel equation relates the electrochemical currents to the overpotential exponentially, and is used to calculate the reaction rate. [11] The overpotential is calculated at each electrode separately, and related to the voltammogram data to determine ...
where the final substitution, N 0 = e C, is obtained by evaluating the equation at t = 0, as N 0 is defined as being the quantity at t = 0. This is the form of the equation that is most commonly used to describe exponential decay. Any one of decay constant, mean lifetime, or half-life is sufficient to characterise the decay.
Heyrovský's Polarograph. Polarography is an electrochemical voltammetric technique that employs (dropping or static) mercury drop as a working electrode. In its most simple form polarography can be used to determine concentrations of electroactive species in liquids by measuring their mass-transport limiting currents.
That same year (1854), Francis Boericke married Rudolph Tafel's sister, Eliza Mathilda Tafel (1838–1904). Francis Boericke kept the small book store, and took in Rudolph's brother, Adolph Julius Tafel (1839–1995), as an apprentice. In 1855, Adolph Tafel left for the West. In 1863, Francis Boericke earned a medical degree from the ...