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The gold standard for diagnosing a heterotopic pregnancy is the transvaginal ultrasound. However, the sensitivity of the transvaginal ultrasound for diagnosing a heterotopic pregnancy has been found to range from 26.3% to 92.4%. [5] Therefore, both clinical symptoms and ultrasound imaging are used to make the diagnosis.
This is a shortened version of the eleventh chapter of the ICD-9: Complications of Pregnancy, Childbirth, and the Puerperium. It covers ICD codes 630 to 679 . The full chapter can be found on pages 355 to 378 of Volume 1, which contains all (sub)categories of the ICD-9.
Although hematometra can often be diagnosed based purely on the patient's history of amenorrhea and cyclic abdominal pain, as well as a palpable pelvic mass on examination, the diagnosis can be confirmed by ultrasound, which will show blood pooled in the uterus and an enlargement of the uterine cavity.
Examination, ultrasound, and pregnancy tests can be used to rule out false pregnancy. [1] False pregnancy has a prominent psychiatric component as well as physical manifestations of pregnancy. [2] It can be caused by trauma (either physical or mental), a chemical imbalance of hormones, [2] [3] and some medical conditions. [1]
Premature delivery, [37] second-trimester pregnancy loss, [44] and uterine rupture [45] are other reported complications. They may also develop incompetent cervix where the cervix can no longer support the growing weight of the fetus, the pressure causes the placenta to rupture and the mother goes into premature labour.
A uterine septum is the most common uterine malformation and a cause for miscarriages. It is diagnosed by medical image techniques, i.e. ultrasound or an MRI. MRI is considered the preferred modality due to its multiplanar capabilities as well as its ability to evaluate the uterine contour, junctional zone, and other pelvic anatomy.
Ovarian pregnancy refers to an ectopic pregnancy that is located in the ovary. Typically the egg cell is not released or picked up at ovulation, but fertilized within the ovary where the pregnancy implants. [1] [2] [3] Such a pregnancy usually does not proceed past the first four weeks of pregnancy. [3]
One estimate is that 10.8 million people are affected globally as of 2015. [6] Other sources estimate 6 to 10% of the general female population [1] and 2 to 11% of asymptomatic women [17] are affected. In addition, 11% of women in a general population have undiagnosed endometriosis that can be seen on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).