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The name "Dirichlet's principle" is due to Bernhard Riemann, who applied it in the study of complex analytic functions. [1]Riemann (and others such as Carl Friedrich Gauss and Peter Gustav Lejeune Dirichlet) knew that Dirichlet's integral is bounded below, which establishes the existence of an infimum; however, he took for granted the existence of a function that attains the minimum.
Although the pigeonhole principle appears as early as 1624 in a book attributed to Jean Leurechon, [2] it is commonly called Dirichlet's box principle or Dirichlet's drawer principle after an 1834 treatment of the principle by Peter Gustav Lejeune Dirichlet under the name Schubfachprinzip ("drawer principle" or "shelf principle"). [3]
He later edited and published Dirichlet's lectures and other results in number theory under the title Vorlesungen über Zahlentheorie (Lectures on Number Theory). In the summer of 1858, during a trip to Montreux, Dirichlet suffered a heart attack. On 5 May 1859, he died in Göttingen, several months after the death of his wife Rebecka. [4]
This theorem is a consequence of the pigeonhole principle. Peter Gustav Lejeune Dirichlet who proved the result used the same principle in other contexts (for example, the Pell equation) and by naming the principle (in German) popularized its use, though its status in textbook terms comes later. [2] The method extends to simultaneous ...
The next steps in the study of the Dirichlet's problem were taken by Karl Friedrich Gauss, William Thomson (Lord Kelvin) and Peter Gustav Lejeune Dirichlet, after whom the problem was named, and the solution to the problem (at least for the ball) using the Poisson kernel was known to Dirichlet (judging by his 1850 paper submitted to the ...
Dirichlet's theorem may refer to any of several mathematical theorems due to Peter Gustav Lejeune Dirichlet. Dirichlet's theorem on arithmetic progressions; Dirichlet's approximation theorem; Dirichlet's unit theorem; Dirichlet conditions; Dirichlet boundary condition; Dirichlet's principle; Pigeonhole principle, sometimes also called Dirichlet ...
In analytic number theory and related branches of mathematics, a complex-valued arithmetic function: is a Dirichlet character of modulus (where is a positive integer) if for all integers and : [1] χ ( a b ) = χ ( a ) χ ( b ) ; {\displaystyle \chi (ab)=\chi (a)\chi (b);} that is, χ {\displaystyle \chi } is completely multiplicative .
Design theory is a subfield of design research concerned with various theoretical approaches towards understanding and delineating design principles, design knowledge, and design practice. History [ edit ]