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The dentate gyrus, like the hippocampus, consists of three distinct layers: an outer molecular layer, a middle granule cell layer, and an inner polymorphic layer. [14] The polymorphic layer is also the hilus of the dentate gyrus (originally named as CA4, the junction of the hippocampus and dentate gyrus).
The subgranular zone is a narrow layer of cells located between the granule cell layer and hilus of the dentate gyrus. [1] This layer is characterized by several types of cells, the most prominent type being neural stem cells (NSCs) in various stages of development.
The polymorphic layer is the most superficial layer of the dentate gyrus and is often considered a separate subfield (as the hilus). This layer contains many interneurons, and the axons of the dentate granule cells pass through this stratum on the way to CA3. Stratum granulosum contains the cell bodies of the dentate granule cells.
The principal cell type of the dentate gyrus is the granule cell. The dentate gyrus granule cell has an elliptical cell body with a width of approximately 10 μm and a height of 18μm. [3] The granule cell has a characteristic cone-shaped tree of spiny apical dendrites.
The dentate gyrus consists of three layers: molecular, granular, and polymorphic. Granule neurons, which are the most prominent type of DG cells, are mainly found in the granular layer. These granule cells are the major source of input of the hippocampal formation, receiving most of their information from layer II of the entorhinal cortex, via ...
The same author thus concluded that the term CA4 should be abandoned and that the zone should be regarded as the polymorphic layer of the dentate gyrus [13] (the area dentata of Blackstad (1956)). The polymorphic layer is often called the hilus or hilar region. [ 14 ]
Mossy cells were named because they looked as though they were covered in moss. [7] The axons that make up the pathway emerge from the basal portions of the granule cells and pass through the hilus (or polymorphic cell layer) of the dentate gyrus before entering the stratum lucidum of hippocampal subfield CA3.
In mice, the projection to CA1, and the subiculum all come primarily from EC layer III. [citation needed]According to Suh et al. (2011 Science 334:1415) the projection to CA3 and dentate gyrus in mice is primarily from layer II of entorhinal cortex, and forms a trisynaptic path with hippocampus (dentate gyrus to CA3 to CA1), distinguished from the direct (monosynaptic) perforant path from ...