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The Interests of Civilization: Reaction in the United States Against the Seizure of the Panama Canal Zone, 1903-1904 (Lund studies in international history, 1985). Harding, Robert C. (2006). The History of Panama. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-313-33322-4. Johnson, Willis Fletcher (1906).
The United States consul general reported that three-quarters of the Panamanians wanted independence from Colombia and would revolt if they could get arms and be sure of freedom from United States intervention. Panama was drawn into Colombia's Thousand Days' War (1899–1902) by rebellious radical Liberals who had taken refuge in Nicaragua ...
The US intent to influence the area, especially the Panama Canal's construction and control, led to the separation of Panama from Colombia in 1903 and its establishment as an independent state. The US had negotiated the Hay–Herrán Treaty with Colombia in early 1903 that would give it control of the canal and would include the purchase of the ...
In 1903, Panama seceded from the Republic of Colombia, backed by the US government, [b] during the Thousand Days' War. The Hay–Pauncefote Treaty allowed the US to construct and control the Panama Canal. In 1903, the United States established sovereignty over the Panama Canal Zone. [citation needed]
The 1823 Monroe Doctrine, opposed additional European colonialism in the Western Hemisphere.It held that any intervention in the political affairs of the Americas by foreign powers was a potentially hostile act against the U.S. [2] It also began Washington's policy of isolationism, stating it was necessary for the United States to refrain from entering into European affairs.
After Panama became a Colombian province, the U.S. pushed for control by sending warships and drafting a constitution granting U.S. intervention rights. Panama declared independence in 1903 and ...
They replaced the 1903 Hay–Bunau-Varilla Treaty between the United States and Panama (modified in 1936 and 1955), and all other U.S.-Panama agreements concerning the Panama Canal, which were in force on that date. The treaties comprise a basic treaty governing the operation and defense of the Canal from October 1, 1979 to December 31, 1999 ...
Map of Panama, with Panama Canal 1903 political cartoon: "Go Away, Little Man, and Don't Bother Me". The Hay–Herrán Treaty was a treaty signed on January 22, 1903, between United States Secretary of State John M. Hay of the United States and Tomás Herrán of Colombia.