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Epidemiological studies have shown that high concentrations of HDL (over 60 mg/dL) have protective value against cardiovascular diseases such as ischemic stroke and myocardial infarction. Low concentrations of HDL (below 40 mg/dL for men, below 50 mg/dL for women) increase the risk for atherosclerotic diseases. [16]
[3] [104] Results may be expressed as "calculated", indicating a calculation of total cholesterol, HDL, and triglycerides. [3] Cholesterol is tested to determine for "normal" or "desirable" levels if a person has a total cholesterol of 5.2 mmol/L or less (200 mg/dL), an HDL value of more than 1 mmol/L (40 mg/dL, "the higher, the better"), an ...
HDL cholesterol: Female: 1.0, [67] 1.2, [5] 1.3 [65] 2.2 [67] ... > 50 years: 3.9 [5] 5.3 [5] Haptoglobin < 50 years: ... The INR is a corrected ratio of a patient's ...
In 2008, 31.3% of adults aged 15 or older (28.2% men and 34.4% women) were insufficiently physically active. [3] The risk of ischemic heart disease and diabetes mellitus is reduced by almost a third in adults who participate in 150 minutes of moderate physical activity each week (or equivalent). [ 42 ]
In people over the age of 70, statins decrease the risk of cardiovascular disease but only in those with a history of heavy cholesterol blockage in their arteries. [ 25 ] Most evidence suggests that statins are also effective in preventing heart disease in those with high cholesterol but no history of heart disease.
Trans fat has been found to act like saturated in raising the blood level of LDL ("bad cholesterol"); but, unlike saturated fat, it also decreases levels of HDL ("good cholesterol"). The net increase in LDL/HDL ratio with trans fat, a widely accepted indicator of risk for coronary artery disease, is approximately double that due to saturated fat.