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For instance, when customer data are duplicated and attached with each product bought, then redundancy of data is a known source of inconsistency since a given customer might appear with different values for one or more of their attributes. [4]
Database normalization is the process of structuring a relational database in accordance with a series of so-called normal forms in order to reduce data redundancy and improve data integrity. It was first proposed by British computer scientist Edgar F. Codd as part of his relational model .
In database systems, consistency (or correctness) refers to the requirement that any given database transaction must change affected data only in allowed ways. Any data written to the database must be valid according to all defined rules, including constraints, cascades, triggers, and any combination thereof. This does not guarantee correctness ...
Efficient Redundancy Redundancy Granularity Initial release year Memory requirements (GB) Alluxio (Virtual Distributed File System) Java Apache License 2.0 HDFS, FUSE, HTTP/REST, S3: hot standby No Replication [1] File [2] 2013 Ceph: C++ LGPL librados (C, C++, Python, Ruby), S3, Swift, FUSE: Yes Yes Pluggable erasure codes [3] Pool [4] 2010 1 ...
10.2.1 C++, C#, Java, Python, Smalltalk and XML: SQL superset Proprietary: Distributed, Parallel Query Engine ObjectStore: 7.2 (July 2011) C++, Java, interoperable with .NET SQL subset (also has own object query language) Proprietary: Embedded database supporting efficient, distributed management of C++ and Java objects.
Without concurrency control, if someone is reading from a database at the same time as someone else is writing to it, it is possible that the reader will see a half-written or inconsistent piece of data. For instance, when making a wire transfer between two bank accounts if a reader reads the balance at the bank when the money has been ...
ArangoDB is a transactional native multi-model database supporting two major NoSQL data models (graph and document [1]) with one query language. Written in C++ and optimized for in-memory computing. In addition ArangoDB integrated RocksDB for persistent storage. ArangoDB supports Java, JavaScript, Python, PHP, NodeJS, C++ and Elixir.
8.0.22 [7] Community Ed: GPL. Standard Ed: Commercial Proprietary Yes Yes Yes Yes C++–C# Objective-C Python: Navicat: PremiumSoft CyberTech Ltd. 2021-11-23 16 [8] Proprietary: Yes Yes needs Wine: Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Delphi Objective-C: Navicat Data Modeler: PremiumSoft CyberTech Ltd. 2015-12-10 2.1 Proprietary: Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes ...