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  2. Two-barred cross - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two-barred_cross

    Version of the Cross of Lorraine. A two-barred cross is similar to a Latin cross but with an extra bar added. The lengths and placement of the bars (or "arms") vary, and most of the variations are interchangeably called the cross of Lorraine, the patriarchal cross, the Orthodox cross or the archiepiscopal cross. [1]

  3. Cross of Lorraine - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross_of_Lorraine

    The Cross of Lorraine (French: Croix de Lorraine), known as the Cross of Anjou in the 16th century, is a heraldic two-barred cross, consisting of a vertical line crossed by two shorter horizontal bars. In most renditions, the horizontal bars are "graded" with the upper bar being the shorter, though variations with the bars of equal length are ...

  4. Patriarchal cross - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patriarchal_cross

    Many symbolic interpretations of the double-cross have been put forth. One of them says that the first horizontal line symbolized the secular power and the other horizontal line the ecclesiastic power of Byzantine emperors, [citation needed] and also that the first cross bar represents the death, and the second cross the resurrection, of Jesus ...

  5. Jerusalem cross - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerusalem_cross

    Jerusalem cross based on a cross potent (as commonly realised in early modern heraldry) The national flag of Georgia The Jerusalem cross (also known as "five-fold Cross", or "cross-and-crosslets" and the "Crusader's cross") is a heraldic cross and Christian cross variant consisting of a large cross potent surrounded by four smaller Greek crosses, one in each quadrant, representing the Four ...

  6. Rhumb line - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhumb_line

    is the isometric latitude. [5] In the Rhumb line, as the latitude tends to the poles, φ → ± ⁠ π / 2 ⁠, sin φ → ±1, the isometric latitude arsinh(tan φ) → ± ∞, and longitude λ increases without bound, circling the sphere ever so fast in a spiral towards the pole, while tending to a finite total arc length Δ s given by

  7. Four-bar linkage - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four-bar_linkage

    In the study of mechanisms, a four-bar linkage, also called a four-bar, is the simplest closed-chain movable linkage. It consists of four bodies, called bars or links, connected in a loop by four joints. Generally, the joints are configured so the links move in parallel planes, and the assembly is called a planar four-bar linkage. Spherical and ...

  8. Rule of marteloio - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rule_of_marteloio

    Alternative hypotheses (not nearly as accepted) are that "marteloio" is a corruption of mari logio (meaning "rule of the sea"), [3] or from mare tela (meaning "sea network"), [4] or that it derives from the Greek homartologium (όμαρτόλογίον, meaning "companion piece"), [5] or from the Greek imeralogium (ήμερόλογίον ...

  9. Geodetic coordinates - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geodetic_coordinates

    Geodetic latitude and geocentric latitude have different definitions. Geodetic latitude is defined as the angle between the equatorial plane and the surface normal at a point on the ellipsoid, whereas geocentric latitude is defined as the angle between the equatorial plane and a radial line connecting the centre of the ellipsoid to a point on the surface (see figure).