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Mydriasis can be induced via modulation of adrenergic or cholinergic signalling. Drugs that can cause mydriasis include: Stimulants (typically monoaminergics) such as amphetamines, cocaine, MDMA, and mephedrone. Anticholinergics such as diphenhydramine, atropine, hyoscyamine, and scopolamine antagonize the muscarinic acetylcholine receptors in
A human adult exhibiting voluntary control over his iris muscles, where he can cause his pupil to dilate and constrict on command. A dilation response , is the widening of the pupil and may be caused by adrenaline; anticholinergic agents; stimulant drugs such as MDMA, cocaine, and amphetamines; and some hallucinogenics (e.g. LSD). [3]
Cocaine is associated with retinal toxicity mainly through its negative impacts on the retinal vasculature. [18] Cocaine use causes increased norepinephrine levels and the resulting sympathetic activation leads to vasospasm and hypertension, [19] both of which are risk factors to retinal blood vessel damage.
The ring of digital eyes first videoed him not only entering our yard but then seeming to get into the space under our front stairs. Tweakers, it should be noted, tend to build nests and hidey ...
Certain drugs cause constriction of the pupils, such as opioids. [8] Other drugs, such as atropine, LSD, MDMA, mescaline, psilocybin mushrooms, cocaine and amphetamines may cause pupil dilation. [9] [10] The sphincter muscle has a parasympathetic innervation, and the dilator has a sympathetic innervation.
Sometimes there is flushing on the affected side of the face due to dilation of blood vessels under the skin. The pupil's light reflex is maintained as this is controlled via the parasympathetic nervous system. [citation needed] In children, Horner's syndrome sometimes leads to heterochromia, a difference in eye color between the two eyes. [3]
If both eyes dilate equally, the patient does not have Horner syndrome. [40] Cocaine hydrochloride. Topical cocaine is sometimes used as a local numbing agent and vasoconstrictor to help control pain and bleeding with surgery of the nose, mouth, throat or lacrimal duct. It is also used for topical airway anaesthesia for procedures such as awake ...
Light entering the eye strikes three different photoreceptors in the retina: the familiar rods and cones used in image forming and the more newly discovered photosensitive ganglion cells. The ganglion cells give information about ambient light levels, and react sluggishly compared to the rods and cones.