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Shaft mining or shaft sinking is the action of excavating a mine shaft from the top down, where there is initially no access to the bottom. [1] Shallow shafts , typically sunk for civil engineering projects, differ greatly in execution method from deep shafts, typically sunk for mining projects.
A school of mines (or mining school) is an engineering school, often established in the 18th and 19th centuries, that originally focused on mining engineering and applied science. Most have been integrated within larger constructs such as mineral engineering , some no longer focusing primarily on mining subjects, while retaining the name.
Surface gold mine with haul truck in foreground, in Kalgoorlie, Australia. Mining in the engineering discipline is the extraction of minerals from the ground. Mining engineering is associated with many other disciplines, such as mineral processing, exploration, excavation, geology, metallurgy, geotechnical engineering and surveying.
Mining Machinery Engineering is an interdisciplinary branch of engineering that applies the principles of mechanical engineering and electrical engineering for analysis, design, manufacturing and maintenance of mining equipment.
There are two principal phases of underground mining: development mining and production mining. Development mining is composed of excavation almost entirely in (non-valuable) waste rock in order to gain access to the orebody. There are six steps in development mining: remove previously blasted material (muck out round), scaling (removing any unstable slabs of rock hanging from the roof and ...
The Hard Rock Miner's Handbook is a reference book that deals with the underground hard-rock mining industry. It was written by engineer Jack de la Vergne as a non-profit publication. [1] The first edition was published in 2000 by McIntosh Engineering, a mining engineering consulting company. [2]
Surface mining, mining conducted down into the ground, but with the sky open above Open-pit mining , where the overburden is removed and put in a different location, leaving a large pit at the end. Strip mining , where the overburden is stripped off and placed onto the area where the mineral (usually coal) has already been mined out, allowing ...
The units of a stripping ratio can vary between mine types. For example, in coal mining the stripping ratio is commonly referred to as volume/weight. [3], whereas in metal mining, stripping ratio is unitless and is expressed as weight/weight. [2] A stripping ratio can be expressed as a ratio or as a number.