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An example of a solenoidal vector field, (,) = (,) In vector calculus a solenoidal vector field (also known as an incompressible vector field , a divergence-free vector field , or a transverse vector field ) is a vector field v with divergence zero at all points in the field: ∇ ⋅ v = 0. {\displaystyle \nabla \cdot \mathbf {v} =0.}
A generalization of this theorem is the Helmholtz decomposition theorem, which states that any vector field can be decomposed as a sum of a solenoidal vector field and an irrotational vector field. By analogy with the Biot-Savart law , A ″ ( x ) {\displaystyle \mathbf {A''} (\mathbf {x} )} also qualifies as a vector potential for v ...
The algorithm of the projection method is based on the Helmholtz decomposition (sometimes called Helmholtz-Hodge decomposition) of any vector field into a solenoidal part and an irrotational part. Typically, the algorithm consists of two stages.
The Helmholtz decomposition in three dimensions was first described in 1849 [9] by George Gabriel Stokes for a theory of diffraction. Hermann von Helmholtz published his paper on some hydrodynamic basic equations in 1858, [10] [11] which was part of his research on the Helmholtz's theorems describing the motion of fluid in the vicinity of vortex lines. [11]
Here the superscript ♭ is one of the two musical isomorphisms, and ⋆ is the Hodge star operator. When the divergence is written in this way, the operator is referred to as the codifferential. Working with the current two-form and the exterior derivative is usually easier than working with the vector field and divergence, because unlike the ...
One way to define the curl of a vector field at a point is implicitly through its components along various axes passing through the point: if ^ is any unit vector, the component of the curl of F along the direction ^ may be defined to be the limiting value of a closed line integral in a plane perpendicular to ^ divided by the area enclosed, as ...
An example is the ideal irrotational vortex, where most particles rotate about some straight axis, with speed inversely proportional to their distances to that axis. A small parcel of continuum that does not straddle the axis will be rotated in one sense but sheared in the opposite sense, in such a way that their mean angular velocity about ...
Definition 2-1 (irrotational field). A smooth vector field F on an open U ⊆ R 3 {\displaystyle U\subseteq \mathbb {R} ^{3}} is irrotational ( lamellar vector field ) if ∇ × F = 0 . This concept is very fundamental in mechanics; as we'll prove later, if F is irrotational and the domain of F is simply connected , then F is a conservative ...