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National Park standard point symbols, using shape to represent different types of facilities, a nominal variable. Size, how much space a symbol occupies on a map, most commonly refers to the area of point symbols, and the thickness of line symbols, although the cartogram controls the size of area features proportional to a given variable. Size ...
This glossary of geography terms is a list of definitions of terms and concepts used in geography and related fields, including Earth science, oceanography, cartography, and human geography, as well as those describing spatial dimension, topographical features, natural resources, and the collection, analysis, and visualization of geographic ...
Summit – Point on a surface with a higher elevation than all immediately adjacent points; Trim line – Clear line on the side of a valley marking the most recent highest extent of the glacier; Truncated spur – Ridge that descends towards a valley floor or coastline that is cut short; Tunnel valley – Glacial-formed geographic feature
A draw, sometimes known as a re-entrant in orienteering, is a terrain feature formed by two parallel ridges or spurs with low ground in between them. The area of low ground itself is the draw, and it is defined by the spurs surrounding it.
Shaded relief, or hill-shading, shows the shape of the terrain in a realistic fashion by showing how the three-dimensional surface would be illuminated from a point light source. The shadows normally follow the convention of top-left lighting in which the light source is placed near the upper-left corner of the map.
In modern mapping, a topographic map or topographic sheet is a type of map characterized by large-scale detail and quantitative representation of relief features, usually using contour lines (connecting points of equal elevation), but historically using a variety of methods.
A new hybrid method of storing data is that of identifying point clouds, which combine three-dimensional points with RGB information at each point, returning a 3D color image. GIS thematic maps then are becoming more and more realistically visually descriptive of what they set out to show or determine.
Strabo, in his Geography (ca 20 AD), states that the maps in Eratosthenes's Geography Book 3 (3rd century BC, now lost) contained lines "drawn from west to east, parallel to the equatorial line" (thus the term parallel) [6] Ptolemy's Geography (ca 150 AD) gives detailed instructions for drawing the parallels and meridians for his two projections.