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By 1380, twelve years after the Ming dynasty's founding, the Ming army boasted around 130,000 gunners out of its 1.3 to 1.8 million strong army. At the outbreak of the Ming–Mong Mao War (1386–1388) , the Ming general Mu Ying was ordered to produce a couple thousand hand cannons . [ 21 ]
By the time of the Ming Dynasty (1368–1644) two types of huochong were in use. One was a hand held version with a wooden shaft known as a shouchong (手銃) whilst the larger Wankouchong (碗口銃 — bowl-mouthed cannon) or Zhankouchong (盏口銃 — cup-mouthed cannon) [3] rested on a supporting wooden frame. It was invented presumably as ...
These weapons were not only used by Song China, but also its Jur'chen and Mongol enemies. In the history of the Jur'chen Jin dynasty, the use of cast-iron gunpowder bombs against the Mongols is described. By the time of the Ming dynasty, Chinese technology had progressed to making large land mines, many of them were deployed on the northern border.
An illustration of an "eruptor," a proto-cannon, from the 14th-century Ming dynasty book Huolongjing.The cannon was capable of firing proto-shells, cast-iron bombs filled with gunpowder.
The Ming dynasty had a high proportion of Mongols serving in important military positions, and they were highly successful at granting titles to attract Mongols to defect to the Ming. [ 54 ] In the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries Mongol officers in the Ming army were given preferential tax exemptions, housing, wages and title benefits. [ 4 ]
Hand cannon, Ming dynasty, 1377. The Huolongjing's intended function was to serve as a guide to "fire weapons" involving gunpowder during the 1280s to 1350s. [2] Its predecessor, the Huolong Shenqi Tufa (Fire-Drake Illustrated Technology of Magically (Efficacious) Weapons), has since been lost.
Earliest known written formula for gunpowder, from the Wujing Zongyao of 1044 AD.. Gunpowder is the first explosive to have been developed. Popularly listed as one of the "Four Great Inventions" of China, it was invented during the late Tang dynasty (9th century) while the earliest recorded chemical formula for gunpowder dates to the Song dynasty (11th century).
The san yan chong (simplified Chinese: 三眼铳; traditional Chinese: 三眼銃; lit. 'three-eyes gun') was a three barrel hand cannon used in the Ming dynasty. [1] The distinctive san yan chong, or three eyed gun, was one of the most common Ming hand cannons. Three eyed guns were usually made from cast iron or crude steel, each of the three ...