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Avian influenza, also known as avian flu or bird flu, is a disease caused by the influenza A virus, which primarily affects birds but can sometimes affect mammals including humans. [1] Wild aquatic birds are the primary host of the influenza A virus, which is enzootic (continually present) in many bird populations.
The subtypes of influenza A virus are estimated to have diverged 2,000 years ago. Influenza viruses A and B are estimated to have diverged from a single ancestor around 4,000 years ago, while the ancestor of influenza viruses A and B and the ancestor of influenza virus C are estimated to have diverged from a common ancestor around 8,000 years ago.
Avian influenza virus can survive for 100 days in distilled water at room temperature, and 200 days at 17 °C (63 °F). The avian virus is inactivated more quickly in manure, but can survive for up to two weeks in feces on cages. Avian influenza viruses can survive indefinitely when frozen. [57] Influenza viruses are susceptible to bleach, 70% ...
Archived from the original on February 1, 2004. "Facts About Avian Influenza (Bird Flu) and Avian Influenza A (H5N1) Virus". 2019-03-21. "FAO information on Avian Influenza - Latest news, Disease Card, Maps, Animations". Archived from the original on 2012-01-26
[8] [10] In 2020, reassortment (genetic "swapping") between these H5-2.3.4.4b viruses and other strains of avian influenza led to the emergence of a H5N1 strain with a H5-2.3.4.4b gene. [8] The virus then spread across Europe, first detected there in the autumn of 2020, before spreading to Africa and Asia. [1] It continues to swap genes with ...
H5 N2 is a subtype of the species Influenzavirus A (avian influenza virus or bird flu virus). The subtype infects a wide variety of birds, including chickens, ducks, turkeys, falcons, and ostriches. Affected birds usually do not appear ill, and the disease is often mild as avian influenza viral subtypes go.
Influenza A virus and influenza B virus co-circulate, so have the same patterns of transmission. [1] The seasonality of influenza C virus, however, is poorly understood. Influenza C virus infection is most common in children under the age of two, and by adulthood most people have been exposed to it.
Existing studies show that H10 influenza viruses are present in a wide range of domestic and wild avian species, as well as in mammals, showing potential for adaptation. [2] H10N3 has been isolated across a wide geographic distribution, including in species such as domestic poultry (chickens), [2] ducks, [3] [4] other waterfowl, and terrestrial ...