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In anatomy, Luschka's joints (also called uncovertebral joints, neurocentral joints) [1] are formed between uncinate process or "uncus" below and uncovertebral articulation above. [2] They are located in the cervical region of the vertebral column from C3 to C7. [ 3 ]
The facet joints are formed by the superior and inferior processes of each vertebra. The first cervical vertebra has an inferior articulating surface but, as it does not restrict lateral or posterior translation, is not always considered a proper zygoma [9] (zygoma is Greek for "yoke", i.e. something that restrains movement).
Facet joint arthrosis is an intervertebral disc disorder.The facet joints or zygapophyseal joints are synovial cartilage covered joints that limit the movement of the spine and preserve segmental stability.
Illustration highlighting facet joint articulation between two vertebrae. The facet joints (also zygapophysial joints, zygapophyseal, apophyseal, or Z-joints) are a set of synovial, plane joints between the articular processes of two adjacent vertebrae.
Hypertrophy is the increase in the volume of an organ or tissue due to the enlargement of its component cells. [1] It is distinguished from hyperplasia , in which the cells remain approximately the same size but increase in number. [ 2 ]
X-ray showing osteophytes of spondylosis of the lumbar spine. A range of bone-formation processes are associated with aging, degeneration, mechanical instability, and disease (such as diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis).
Hyperostosis is an excessive growth of bone.It may lead to exostosis.It occurs in many musculoskeletal disorders.. Disorders featuring hyperostosis include: [1] Camurati-Engelmann disease, type 2
Hypertonia is a condition characterized by increased muscle tone, leading to stiffness and difficulty in movement.