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Development of ethnic identity begins during adolescence [1] but is described as a process of the construction of identity over time [2] due to a combination of experience and actions of the individual [3] and includes gaining knowledge and understanding of in-group(s), as well as a sense of belonging to (an) ethnic group(s). Given the vastly ...
The United States has a racially and ethnically diverse population. [1] At the federal level, race and ethnicity have been categorized separately. The most recent United States census recognized five racial categories (White, Black, Native American/Alaska Native, Asian, and Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander), as well as people who belong to two or more of the racial categories.
Studies in Ethnicity and Nationalism (SEN), formerly The ASEN Bulletin, is a scholarly interdisciplinary peer-reviewed academic journal covering research on ethnicity and nationalism. It is published biannually on behalf of the Association for the Study of Ethnicity and Nationalism, by Wiley-Blackwell. The journal covers a wide range of topics ...
The U.S. Census' new question combining race and ethnicity will allow respondents to report one or multiple categories to indicate their racial and ethnic identity, according to the U.S. Census ...
Within the African American population, there are no mono-ethnic backgrounds from outside of the U.S., and mono-racial backgrounds are in the minority. Through forced enslavement and admixing, the African American ethnicity, race, lineage, culture, and identity are indigenous to the United States of America. [30] [citation needed]
The changes made to educational and social institutions by the U.S. Civil Rights movement of the 1960s and 1970s can be traced as the origin for the development of African American Studies as a discipline. [14] In general, the changes made to the higher education system to incorporate African American Studies has been led by student activism. [15]
Nevertheless, race/ethnicity is often one of the first things humans notice when meeting a new person and judgments about identity are unlikely to change without presentation of new and strong evidence to the contrary. This is partially explained by cognitive inertia, the tendency for our beliefs to resist change, as well as racial essentialism.
William E. Cross Jr. (1940 - December 5, 2024) was a theorist and researcher in the field of ethnic identity development, specifically Black identity development. [1] He is best known for his nigrescence model, first detailed in a 1971 publication, and his book, Shades of Black, published in 1991.