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As such, in terms of ethinylestradiol exposure, 10 to 20 mg NETA may be equivalent to 20 to 30 μg ethinylestradiol and 40 mg NETA may be similar to 50 μg ethinylestradiol. [27] In another study however, 5 mg NETA produced an equivalent of 28 μg ethinylestradiol (0.7% conversion rate) and 10 mg NETA produced an equivalent of 62 μg ...
Combined oral contraceptive pills are a type of oral medication that were originally designed to be taken every day at the same time of day in order to prevent pregnancy. [26] [37] There are many different formulations or brands, but the average pack is designed to be taken over a 28-day period (also known as a cycle).
Progesterone (P4), sold under the brand name Prometrium among others, is a medication and naturally occurring steroid hormone. [20] It is a progestogen and is used in combination with estrogens mainly in hormone therapy for menopausal symptoms and low sex hormone levels in women.
Progesterone is used as part of hormone replacement therapy in people who have low progesterone levels, and for other reasons. For purposes of comparison with normal physiological circumstances, luteal phase levels of progesterone are 4 to 30 ng/mL, while follicular phase levels of progesterone are 0.02 to 0.9 ng/mL, menopausal levels are 0.03 to 0.3 ng/mL, and levels of progesterone in men ...
A large clinical study of high to very high oral dosages of norethisterone (10 to 40 mg/day) administered for prolonged periods of time (4 to 35 weeks) to prevent miscarriage in pregnant women found that 5.5% of the women experienced mild androgenic side effects such as mild voice changes , acne, and hirsutism and that 18.3% of female infants ...
Progesterone interacts with membrane progesterone receptors, but interaction of progestins with these receptors is less clear. [ 165 ] [ 166 ] In addition to their progestogenic activity, many progestogens have off-target activities such as androgenic , antiandrogenic , estrogenic , glucocorticoid , and antimineralocorticoid activity.
Perfect use" means that an individual uses their contraceptive pill at the same time every day without missing a scheduled dose. [ 21 ] Assuming "typical use," the theoretical efficacy of progestogen-only pills in avoiding undesired pregnancy falls to around 91-93%, meaning that approximately 7 to 9 out of every 100 patients will experience an ...
Laboratory studies have suggested that bioidentical progesterone binds primarily to progesterone receptors, while synthetic progestins activate other receptors with a variety of effects. The editors suggested that progesterone may have neutral to positive effects on the cardiovascular system, and induce apoptosis in breast epithelial cells.