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Reference ranges (reference intervals) for blood tests are sets of values used by a health professional to interpret a set of medical test results from blood samples. Reference ranges for blood tests are studied within the field of clinical chemistry (also known as "clinical biochemistry", "chemical pathology" or "pure blood chemistry"), the ...
A series of studies, principally from the Mayo Clinic, have indicated that patients with an abnormal free kappa to free lambda ratio have an increased risk of progression to active myeloma from precursor conditions including monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS), [32] [33] smouldering myeloma [34] and solitary plasmacytoma ...
The standard definition of a reference range for a particular measurement is defined as the interval between which 95% of values of a reference population fall into, in such a way that 2.5% of the time a value will be less than the lower limit of this interval, and 2.5% of the time it will be larger than the upper limit of this interval, whatever the distribution of these values.
In practice, this is inferred by the detection of only one of the mutually exclusive antibody light chains, kappa or lambda, on the entire population of the abnormal B cells. Normal B lymphocytes consist of a stew of different antibody-producing cells, resulting in a mixture of both kappa- and lambda-expressing cells.
The AST/ALT ratio or De Ritis ratio is the ratio between the concentrations of two enzymes, aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase, aka alanine aminotransferase (ALT), in the blood of a human or animal. It is used as one of several liver function tests, and measured with a blood test.
In imaging science, the RMSD is part of the peak signal-to-noise ratio, a measure used to assess how well a method to reconstruct an image performs relative to the original image. In computational neuroscience, the RMSD is used to assess how well a system learns a given model. [8]
Cicchetti (1994) [19] gives the following often quoted guidelines for interpretation for kappa or ICC inter-rater agreement measures: Less than 0.40—poor. Between 0.40 and 0.59—fair. Between 0.60 and 0.74—good. Between 0.75 and 1.00—excellent. A different guideline is given by Koo and Li (2016): [20] below 0.50: poor; between 0.50 and 0 ...
Below there are lists the nearest stars separated by spectral type.The scope of the list is still restricted to the main sequence spectral types: M, K, F, G, A, B and O.It may be later expanded to other types, such as S, D or C.