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Imperial Metric fastening size conversion charts; International Thread Standards; Conversion chart Whitworth/BSF/AF and metric Archived 2 May 2010 at the Wayback Machine; Spanner Jaw Sizes Additional information and spanner jaw size table. Unified Screw Threads Series; ASME B1.1-2003 Unified Inch Screw Threads, (UN and UNR Thread Form)
A screw thread is an inclined plane wrapped around a cylinder or cone in the form of a helix, with the former being called a straight thread and the latter called a tapered thread. More screw threads are produced each year than any other machine element. [1] Threads are generally produced according to one of the many standards of thread systems.
United States Standard thread (USS thread), also known as Sellers Standard thread, [1] Franklin Institute thread [1] and American Standard thread, [2] is a standard for inch based threaded fasteners and washers. [3] The USS standard is no longer supported. It, together with the SAE fastener standard, was incorporated into the Unified Thread ...
A few sizes are close enough to interchange for most purposes, such as 19 mm (close to 3 ⁄ 4 inch (19.05 mm)), 8 mm (close to 5 ⁄ 16 inch (7.94 mm)) and 4 mm (close to 5 ⁄ 32 inch (3.97 mm)). In reality, a wrench with a width across the flats of exactly 15 mm would fit too tightly to use on a bolt with a width across the flats of 15 mm.
Many thread sizes have several possible tap drills, because they yield threads of varying thread depth between 50% and 100%. Usually thread depths of 60% to 75% are desired. People frequently use a chart such as this to determine the proper tap drill for a certain thread size or the proper tap for an existing hole.
The most common flare fitting standards in use today are the 45° SAE flare [2] [3],the 37° JIC flare, and the 37° AN flare. For high pressure, flare joints are made by doubling the tube wall material over itself before the bell end is formed. The double flare avoids stretching the cut end where a single flare may crack.