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Vinyl chloride is an organochloride with the formula H 2 C=CHCl. It is also called vinyl chloride monomer (VCM) or chloroethene. It is an important industrial chemical chiefly used to produce the polymer polyvinyl chloride (PVC). Vinyl chloride is a colourless flammable gas that has a sweet odor and is carcinogenic.
In polymer chemistry, vinyl polymers are a group of polymers derived from substituted vinyl (H 2 C=CHR) monomers. Their backbone is an extended alkane chain [−CH 2 −CHR−] . [ 1 ] In popular usage, "vinyl" refers only to polyvinyl chloride (PVC).
Polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH, PVA, or PVAl) is a water-soluble synthetic polymer. It has the idealized formula [CH 2 CH(OH)] n . It is used in papermaking , textile warp sizing , as a thickener and emulsion stabilizer in polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) adhesive formulations, in a variety of coatings, and 3D printing .
Polyvinyl chloride is formed in flat sheets in a variety of thicknesses and colors. As flat sheets, PVC is often expanded to create voids in the interior of the material, providing additional thickness without additional weight and minimal extra cost (see closed-cell PVC foamboard). Sheets are cut using saws and rotary cutting equipment.
Vinyl alcohol, also called ethenol (IUPAC name; not ethanol) or ethylenol, is the simplest enol. With the formula C H 2 CH O H , it is a labile compound that converts to acetaldehyde immediately upon isolation near room temperature. [ 1 ]
An industrially important example is vinyl chloride, precursor to PVC, [3] a plastic commonly known as vinyl. Chessboard made from polyvinyl chloride. Vinyl is one of the alkenyl functional groups. On a carbon skeleton, sp 2-hybridized carbons or positions are often called vinylic. Allyls, acrylates and styrenics contain vinyl groups. (A ...
Polymers that are formed by free-radical mechanisms such as polyvinyl chloride are usually atactic. [citation needed] Due to their random nature atactic polymers are usually amorphous. [citation needed] In hemi-isotactic macromolecules every other repeat unit has a random substituent. [citation needed]
General structure of a vinyl halide, where X is a halogen and R is a variable group. In organic chemistry, a vinyl halide is a compound with the formula CH 2 =CHX (X = halide). The term vinyl is often used to describe any alkenyl group. For this reason, alkenyl halides with the formula RCH=CHX are sometimes called vinyl halides.