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Authoritarian socialist states often oppose the multi-party system to instill power of the government into a single party that could be led by a single head of state. The rationale behind this being that elites have the time and resources to enforce socialist theory because in this socialist state the interests of the people are represented by ...
In an electrical grid, contingency is an unexpected failure of a single principal component (e.g., an electrical generator or a power transmission line) [1] that causes the change of the system state large enough to endanger the grid security. [2]
Courts in the United States are recognized to have inherent powers to ensure the proper disposition of cases before them. At the federal level these include the powers to punish contempt, to investigate and redress suspected frauds on the court, to bar a disruptive person from the courtroom, to transfer a case to a more appropriate venue (forum non conveniens), and to dismiss a case when the ...
In the social sciences an open system is a process that exchanges material, energy, people, capital and information with its environment. French/Greek philosopher Kostas Axelos argued that seeing the "world system" as inherently open (though unified) would solve many of the problems in the social sciences, including that of praxis (the relation of knowledge to practice), so that various social ...
Innatism and nativism are generally synonymous terms referring to the notion of preexisting ideas in the mind. However, more specifically, innatism refers to the philosophy of Descartes, who assumed that God or a similar being or process placed innate ideas and principles in the human mind. [1]
Time, inevitably, is also a calculated system of control, something that dictates our lives, our abilities, and potential. Having too much time or too little generates dysfunction.
The electrical load can have an inertia-like quality. For example, typical industrial electrical motors consume less power at lower frequencies, adding a small, but noticeable amount of inertia to the system, [9] this effect is diminishing due to switching to modern and efficient variable-speed controls that have much less inertia-like response.
In a notable study of power conducted by social psychologists John R. P. French and Bertram Raven in 1959, power is divided into five separate and distinct forms. [1] [2] They identified those five bases of power as coercive, reward, legitimate, referent, and expert.