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Variations in the electrical conductivity and magnetic permeability of the test object, and the presence of defects causes a change in eddy current and a corresponding change in phase and amplitude that can be detected by measuring the impedance changes in the coil, which is a telltale sign of the presence of defects. [5]
In petrophysics, Archie's law is a purely empirical law relating the measured electrical conductivity of a porous rock to its porosity and fluid saturation. It is named after Gus Archie (1907–1978) and laid the foundation for modern well log interpretation, as it relates borehole electrical conductivity measurements to hydrocarbon saturations.
Vertical electrical sounding (VES) is a geophysical method for investigation of a geological medium.The method is based on the estimation of the electrical conductivity or resistivity of the medium.
Then conductivity increases slightly up to the equivalence point volume, due to contribution of the salt cation and anion of the weak acid as it is formed from and the neutral acid (This changing contribution in case of a strong acid-strong base does not occur as in strong acids the anion is present all the time). After the equivalence point is ...
The transient hot wire method has advantage over the other thermal conductivity methods, since there is a fully developed theory and there is no calibration or single-point calibration. Furthermore, because of the very small measuring time (1 s) there is no convection present in the measurements and only the thermal conductivity of the fluid is ...
Electromagnetic (EM) conductivity instruments have a response that is comparable to that of resistance meters (conductivity is the inverse of resistance). Underground archaeological features are detected by creating a magnetic field underground by applying an electric current that has a known frequency and magnitude through a sending coil.
The Bresle method uses the difference of conductivity of salts in water, each salt having a characteristic conductivity-versus-concentration relationship. The correlation between concentration and conductivity can be found in "Handbook of Chemistry and Physics". This relationship is useful only if the dissolved salt is known.
The resistance R s accounts for the electrical conductivity of the bulk medium while the capacitance C s is due to the capacitive double-layer at the electrode-electrolyte interface. [9] During the growth phase, bacterial metabolism transforms uncharged or weakly charged compounds of the bulk medium in highly charged compounds that change the ...