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  2. English phonology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_phonology

    English phonology is the system of speech sounds used in spoken English. Like many other languages, English has wide variation in pronunciation , both historically and from dialect to dialect . In general, however, the regional dialects of English share a largely similar (but not identical) phonological system.

  3. Phonological history of English - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/.../Phonological_history_of_English

    Only a general overview of the more important changes is given here; for a full list, see the Proto-Germanic article. Unstressed word-final /a/, /e/ and /o/ were lost. Early PGmc *barta > late PGmc *bart "you carried (sg)". Word-final /m/ became /n/. Word-final /n/ was then lost after unstressed syllables with nasalization of the preceding vowel.

  4. The Sound Pattern of English - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Sound_Pattern_of_English

    The Sound Pattern of English (frequently referred to as SPE) is a 1968 work on phonology (a branch of linguistics) by Noam Chomsky and Morris Halle. In spite of its title, it presents not only a view of the phonology of English, but also contains discussions of a large variety of phonological phenomena of many other languages. The index lists ...

  5. Phonology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phonology

    Phonology is the branch of linguistics that studies how languages systematically organize their phonemes or, for sign languages, their constituent parts of signs.The term can also refer specifically to the sound or sign system of a particular language variety.

  6. Phonics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phonics

    Reading by using phonics is often referred to as decoding words, sounding-out words or using print-to-sound relationships.Since phonics focuses on the sounds and letters within words (i.e. sublexical), [13] it is often contrasted with whole language (a word-level-up philosophy for teaching reading) and a compromise approach called balanced literacy (the attempt to combine whole language and ...

  7. North American English regional phonology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_American_English...

    The cot–caught merger to [ɒ] creates a hole in the short vowel sub-system [36] and triggers a sound change known as the Canadian Shift, mainly found in Ontario, English-speaking Montreal, and further west, and led by Ontarians and women; it involves the front lax vowels /æ/, /ɛ/, /ɪ/.

  8. English orthography - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_orthography

    English orthography comprises the set of rules used when writing the English language, [1] [2] allowing readers and writers to associate written graphemes with the sounds of spoken English, as well as other features of the language. [3] English's orthography includes norms for spelling, hyphenation, capitalisation, word breaks, emphasis, and ...

  9. International Phonetic Alphabet - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Phonetic...

    The International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) is an alphabetic system of phonetic notation based primarily on the Latin script. It was devised by the International Phonetic Association in the late 19th century as a standard written representation for the sounds of speech. [1]