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Connective tissue diseases can be classified into two groups: (1) a group of relatively rare genetic disorders affecting the primary structure of connective tissue; and (2) a number of acquired conditions where the connective tissues are the site of multiple, more or less distinct immune and inflammatory reactions.
There are also uncompleted versions of recognized connective tissue diseases, in which clinical and serological symptoms allow for a diagnosis but classification criteria are not met. [67] The most prevalent strategy to diagnosis in clinical practice combines serological criteria with at least three clinical criteria.
Collagens are complex molecules that provide structure, strength, and elasticity to connective tissue. Type II and type XI collagen disorders are grouped together because both types of collagen are components of the cartilage found in joints and the spinal column, the inner ear, and the jelly-like substance that fills the eyeball (the vitreous ).
Dermatomyositis is a form of systemic connective tissue disorder, a class of diseases that often involves autoimmune dysfunction. [12] [16] It has also been classified as an idiopathic inflammatory myopathy, along with polymyositis, necrotizing autoimmune myositis, cancer-associated myositis, and sporadic inclusion body myositis. [17]
Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (/ ˌ f aɪ b r oʊ d ɪ ˈ s p l eɪ ʒ (i) ə ɒ ˈ s ɪ f ɪ k æ n z p r ə ˈ ɡ r ɛ s ɪ v ə /; [1] abbr. FOP), also called Münchmeyer disease or formerly myositis ossificans progressiva, is an extremely rare connective tissue disease in which fibrous connective tissue such as muscle, tendons, and ligaments turn into bone tissue (ossification).
Stickler syndrome (hereditary progressive arthro-ophthalmodystrophy) is a group of rare genetic disorders affecting connective tissue, specifically collagen. [1] Stickler syndrome is a subtype of collagenopathy, types II and XI. Stickler syndrome is characterized by distinctive facial abnormalities, ocular problems, hearing loss, and joint and ...
Loeys–Dietz syndrome (LDS) is an autosomal dominant genetic connective tissue disorder. It has features similar to Marfan syndrome and Ehlers–Danlos syndrome. [3] [4] [5] The disorder is marked by aneurysms in the aorta, often in children, and the aorta may also undergo sudden dissection in the weakened layers of the wall of the aorta.
Dermatomyositis: an inflammatory disease of skin and muscle marked especially by muscular weakness and skin rash. Scleroderma is a connective tissue disease that causes fibrosis and vascular abnormalities, but that also has an autoimmune component, and can include connective tissues complications.