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It is most notably used in the transactional model of stress and coping, introduced in a 1984 publication by Richard Lazarus and Susan Folkman. In this theory, cognitive appraisal is defined as the way in which an individual responds to and interprets stressors in life.
Appraisal theory is the theory in psychology that emotions are extracted from our evaluations (appraisals or estimates) ... (Folkman, Lazarus, Gruen & DeLongis, 1986).
In her doctoral thesis, Folkman coined the terms "problem-focused coping" and "emotion-focused coping." [4] Lazarus and Folkman co-authored a book called "Stress, Appraisal and Coping" in 1984, which worked through the theory of psychological stress, using concepts of Cognitive appraisal and coping.
In her work with this group, Folkman coined the terms "emotion-focused coping" and "problem-focused coping" as part of her doctoral thesis. [5] Together with Lazarus she co-authored the 1984 book Stress, Appraisal and Coping, which worked through the theory of psychological stress using concepts of cognitive appraisal and coping. [7] [8]
The conceptual basis for the appraisal of the care situation is the Transactional Model of Lazarus and Folkman. [2] The subjective evaluation of the care situation (stressor) by the caregivers is critical for the development and maintenance of subjective burden.
The five emotion-focused coping strategies identified by Folkman and Lazarus [13] are: disclaiming; escape-avoidance; accepting responsibility or blame; exercising self-control; and positive reappraisal. Emotion-focused coping is a mechanism to alleviate distress by minimizing, reducing, or preventing, the emotional components of a stressor. [19]
Rasmussen, 29, a nurse, was gunned down in her Los Angeles-area apartment on Feb. 24, 1986. Lazarus, a Los Angeles police art theft detective who was then an officer in her mid-20s, previously ...
Lazarus defines appraisal theory of emotion as having two basic themes: “First, emotion is a response to evaluative judgments or meaning; second, these judgments are about ongoing relationships with the environment, namely how one is doing in the agenda of living and whether the encounter of the environment is one of harm of benefit.” [ 7 ]