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Subjective Refraction is a technique to determine the combination of lenses that will provide the best corrected visual acuity (BCVA). [1] It is a clinical examination used by orthoptists , optometrists and ophthalmologists to determine a patient's need for refractive correction, in the form of glasses or contact lenses.
An objective refraction is a refraction obtained without receiving any feedback from the patient, using a retinoscope or auto-refractor. To perform a retinoscopy, the doctor projects a streak of light into a pupil. A series of lenses are flashed in front of the eye. By looking through the retinoscope, the doctor can study the light reflex of ...
The Maddox rod test can be used to subjectively detect and measure a latent, manifest, horizontal or vertical strabismus for near and distance. The test is based on the principle of diplopic projection. [1]
Retinoscopy is particularly useful in prescribing corrective lenses for patients who are unable to undergo a subjective refraction that requires a judgement and response from the patient (such as children or those with severe intellectual disabilities or communication problems).
Refraction error: A correctly-focused eye (top), and two showing refractive error: in the middle image, the light is focused too far forward; in the bottom image, the focal point is behind the eye: Specialty: Ophthalmology, optometry: Symptoms: Blurry vision, double vision, headaches, eye strain: Complications: Blindness, amblyopia [1] [2] Types
Residual refraction cylinder (≤ 0.25 D) was 81.8% for the Contoura Vision group and 50% for the SMILE group (P < .001). Contrast sensitivity (6 cycles/degree) was 7.2 ± 1.01 in the Contoura Vision group and 6.20 ± 1.52 in the SMILE group.