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Ethyl acetate (systematically ethyl ethanoate, commonly abbreviated EtOAc, ETAC or EA) is the organic compound with the formula CH 3 CO 2 CH 2 CH 3, simplified to C 4 H 8 O 2.This flammable, colorless liquid has a characteristic sweet smell (similar to pear drops) and is used in glues, nail polish removers, and the decaffeination process of tea and coffee.
For example, acetic acid and ethanol gives ethyl acetate and water. CH 3 COO−H + HO−CH 2 CH 3 → CH 3 COO−CH 2 CH 3 + H 2 O. Most acetate esters, however, are produced from acetaldehyde using the Tishchenko reaction. In addition, ether acetates are used as solvents for nitrocellulose, acrylic lacquers, varnish removers, and wood stains.
Typically aqueous sodium hydroxide solutions are used. [1] [2] It is an important type of alkaline hydrolysis. When the carboxylate is long chain, its salt is called a soap. The saponification of ethyl acetate gives sodium acetate and ethanol: C 2 H 5 O 2 CCH 3 + NaOH → C 2 H 5 OH + NaO 2 CCH 3
At large scale, ethyl acetoacetate is industrially produced by treatment of diketene with ethanol. [2] The small scale preparation of ethyl acetoacetate is a classic laboratory procedure. [3] It involves Claisen condensation of ethyl acetate. Two moles of ethyl acetate condense to form one mole each of ethyl acetoacetate and ethanol. [4]
For example, the reaction of acetic anhydride with ethanol yields ethyl acetate: (CH 3 CO) 2 O + CH 3 CH 2 OH → CH 3 CO 2 CH 2 CH 3 + CH 3 COOH. Often a base such as pyridine is added to function as catalyst. In specialized applications, Lewis acidic scandium salts have also proven effective catalysts. [12]
Ethyl acetate, a nail polish solvent. [1]A solvent (from the Latin solvÅ, "loosen, untie, solve") is a substance that dissolves a solute, resulting in a solution.A solvent is usually a liquid but can also be a solid, a gas, or a supercritical fluid.
The reaction uses NAD + to convert the ethanol into acetaldehyde (a toxic carcinogen). The enzyme acetaldehyde dehydrogenase ( aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 family ALDH2 , EC 1.2.1.3) then converts the acetaldehyde into the non-toxic acetate ion (commonly found in acetic acid or vinegar).
Acetoacetic ester synthesis is a chemical reaction where ethyl acetoacetate is alkylated at the α-carbon to both carbonyl groups and then converted into a ketone, or more specifically an α-substituted acetone. This is very similar to malonic ester synthesis. Acetoacetic ester synthesis equation