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The esters of propionic acid have fruit-like odors and are sometimes used as solvents or artificial flavorings. [15] In biogas plants, propionic acid is a common intermediate product, which is formed by fermentation with propionic acid bacteria. Its degradation in anaerobic environments (e.g. biogas plants) requires the activity of complex ...
Propionibacterium freudenreichii was first discovered and isolated in the early 20th century by Eduard von Freudenreich and Sigurd Orla-Jensen. They discovered the bacterium while studying propionic acid fermentation in Emmental cheese. Its genus is named after propionic acid, which this bacterium produces.
Members of the genus Propionibacterium are widely used in the production of vitamin B 12, tetrapyrrole compounds, and propionic acid, as well as in the probiotics and cheese industries. [7] The strain Propionibacterium freudenreichii subsp. shermanii is used in cheesemaking to create CO 2 bubbles that become "eyes"—round holes in the cheese. [8]
Originally identified as Bacillus acnes, [10] it was later named Propionibacterium acnes for its ability to generate propionic acid. [11] In 2016, P. acnes was taxonomically reclassified as a result of biochemical and genomic studies.
Propionate fermentation is a form of fermentation with propionic acid as one of the products. This process is done through the fermentation pathway of bacteria. It is used in a variety of industrial, food-making, and medical applications.
Propionic acid: Propanoic acid CH 3 CH 2 COOH C3:0 Butyric acid: Butanoic acid CH 3 (CH 2) 2 COOH C4:0 Valeric acid: Pentanoic acid CH 3 (CH 2) 3 COOH C5:0 Caproic acid: Hexanoic acid CH 3 (CH 2) 4 COOH C6:0 Enanthic acid: Heptanoic acid CH 3 (CH 2) 5 COOH C7:0 Caprylic acid: Octanoic acid CH 3 (CH 2) 6 COOH C8:0 Pelargonic acid: Nonanoic acid ...
Acetic acid: Ethanoic acid Acetate: Ethanoate C 2 H 4 O 2: CH 3 COOH: 60.05 C3:0 Propionic acid: Propanoic acid Propionate: Propanoate C 3 H 6 O 2: CH 3 CH 2 COOH: 74.08 C4:0 Butyric acid: Butanoic acid Butyrate: Butanoate C 4 H 8 O 2: CH 3 (CH 2) 2 COOH: 88.11 C4:0 Isobutyric acid: 2-Methylpropanoic acid Isobutyrate: 2-Methylpropanoate C 4 H 8 ...
The name is derived from the 3 functional groups: isobutyl (ibu) propionic acid (pro) phenyl (fen). [74] Its discovery was the result of research during the 1950s and 1960s to find a safer alternative to aspirin. [13] [75] The molecule was discovered and synthesized by a team led by Stewart Adams, with a patent application filed in 1961. [13]