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A complete blood count (CBC), also known as a full blood count (FBC), is a set of medical laboratory tests that provide information about the cells in a person's blood.The CBC indicates the counts of white blood cells, red blood cells and platelets, the concentration of hemoglobin, and the hematocrit (the volume percentage of red blood cells).
All values in Hematology – red blood cells (except hemoglobin in plasma) All values in Hematology – white blood cells; Platelet count (Plt) A few values are for inside red blood cells only: Vitamin B 9 (folic acid/folate) in red blood cells; Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC)
2,3-BPG is formed from 1,3-BPG by the enzyme BPG mutase.It can then be broken down by 2,3-BPG phosphatase to form 3-phosphoglycerate.Its synthesis and breakdown are, therefore, a way around a step of glycolysis, with the net expense of one ATP per molecule of 2,3-BPG generated as the high-energy carboxylic acid-phosphate mixed anhydride bond is cleaved by 2,3-BPG phosphatase.
CO has approximately 210x greater affinity for hemoglobin than oxygen. The equilibrium dissociation constant for the reaction Hb-CO ⇌ Hb + CO strongly favours the CO complex, thus the release of CO for pulmonary excretion generally takes some time. CO is considered non-reactive in the body and primarily undergoes pulmonary excretion. [27]
Heme oxygenase 1 (HMOX1, commonly HO-1) is a member of the heat shock protein (HSP) family identified as HSP32.HO-1 is a 32kDa enzyme which contains 288 amino acid residues encoded by the HMOX1 gene.
After CO is inhaled into the human body, it readily combines with hemoglobin in the blood, and its affinity is 300 times that of oxygen. Therefore, the hemoglobin in the lungs combines with CO instead of oxygen, causing the human body to be hypoxic , causing headaches, dizziness, vomiting, and other poisoning symptoms.
Associations have been observed between A11 and familial otosclerosis, [4] [5] pulmonary tuberculosis, [6] leprosy, [7] and cytomegalovirus infection with epilepsy. [8] These and other studies suggest an involvement between A11 and secondary effects of certain herpes virus infections.
The Sickle Hemoglobin S trait occurs in 8% of African Americans, and, generally, sickle cell anemia occurs in 0.02% of African Americans. [42] African Americans have as much as 65% of the Duffy-null genotype. [43]