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C3, C4, C5: Supply diaphragm (mostly C4) C5, C6: Move shoulder, raise arm ; flex elbow C6: externally rotate the arm C6, C7: Extend elbow and wrist (triceps and wrist extensors); pronate wrist C7, T1: Flex wrist; supply small muscles of the hand: T1–T6: Intercostals and trunk above the waist: T7–L1: Abdominal muscles L1–L4: Flex thigh
Tetraplegia is defined in many ways; C1–C4 usually affects arm movement more so than a C5–C7 injury; however, all tetraplegics have or have had some kind of finger dysfunction. So, it is not uncommon to have a tetraplegic with fully functional arms but no nervous control of their fingers and thumbs.
C4 is a para-cycling classification. It includes people with lower limb impairments or issues with lower limb functionality. Disability groups covered by this classification include people with cerebral palsy, amputations and other lower limb impairments. The responsibility for this classification passed from the IPC to the UCI in September 2006.
These changes are more pronounced as time progresses after injury, and are evidenced by end plate osteophytosis, disc damage, disc narrowing, desiccation and disc bulging. “A retrolisthesis hyperloads at least one disc and puts shearing forces on the anterior longitudinal ligament, the annular rings, nucleus pulposus , cartilage end plates ...
Cycling appeared for the first time at the 1988 Summer Paralympics. [1] At the 1992 Summer Paralympics , cerebral palsy, amputee and wheelchair disability types were eligible to participate, with classification being run through multiple federations and the International Paralympic Committee, with classification being done based on disability ...
The men's time trial class C4-5 track cycling event at the 2024 Summer Paralympics took place on 30 August 2024 at the Vélodrom National at Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines . This combine class (C4-5) under classification C is for cyclists who have impairments that affect their legs, arms, and/or trunk but are still capable to use a standard bicycle. 24 cyclists from 19 nations compete in this event.
The blood pump is then switched off, and the interval of circulatory arrest begins. At this time more blood is drained to reduce residual blood pressure if surgery on a cerebral aneurysm is to be performed to help create a bloodless surgical field. [41] After surgery is completed during the period of cold circulatory arrest, these steps are ...
C5 is a para-cycling classification. ... Time Cyclist Country Classification Date and location Country location Reference 11"410 Mario Hammer GER