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Virus latency (or viral latency) is the ability of a pathogenic virus to lie dormant within a cell, denoted as the lysogenic part of the viral life cycle. [1] A latent viral infection is a type of persistent viral infection which is distinguished from a chronic viral infection. Latency is the phase in certain viruses' life cycles in which ...
In epidemiology, particularly in the discussion of infectious disease dynamics (modeling), the latent period (also known as the latency period or the pre-infectious period) is the time interval between when an individual or host is infected by a pathogen and when that individual becomes infectious, i.e. capable of transmitting pathogens to ...
During latency, an infection is subclinical. With respect to viral infections, in incubation the virus is replicating. [2] This is in contrast to viral latency, a form of dormancy in which the virus does not replicate. An example of latency is HIV infection.
The herpes virus can then exit this dormant stage and re-enter the lytic cycle, causing disease symptoms. Thus, while herpes viruses can enter both the lytic and lysogenic cycles, latency allows the virus to survive and evade detection by the immune system due to low viral gene expression. The model organism for studying lysogeny is the lambda ...
The relationship between the latent period, the infectious period (the period of communicability) and the incubation period. In some diseases, as depicted in this diagram, the latent period is shorter than the incubation period. A person can transmit an infection without showing any signs of the disease.
The latent period ends when the virus reactivates and begins producing large amounts of viral progeny without the host cell being infected by additional external virions. Latency is a defining element of the lysogenic form of viral replication. live virus reference strain (LVRS) lysogenic cycle lytic cycle
Some viral infections can also be latent, examples of latent viral infections are any of those from the Herpesviridae family. [ 55 ] The word infection can denote any presence of a particular pathogen at all (no matter how little) but also is often used in a sense implying a clinically apparent infection (in other words, a case of infectious ...
The higher the viral load at the set point, the faster the virus will progress to AIDS; the lower the viral load at the set point, the longer the patient will remain in clinical latency, the next stage of the infection. The asymptomatic or clinical latency phase is marked by slow replication of the HIV virus, followed by steady depletion of CD4 ...